| Steam explosion is a new type of way to deal with agricultural and sideline products in recent years.The instantaneous burst of high temperature and high pressure can cause the product to produce acid hydrolysis,thermal decomposition,etc.,which causes material transformation of the product,and most of the steam explosion treatment materials are difficult to degrade.Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.as the first batch of medicinal foods approved by the ministry of health,there is a dispelling hot,flat liver,clearing and detoxification,of which phenols,flavonoids,volatile oil,polysaccharide.Waiting for the hotspot that has always been research,but steam explosion treatment ‘Hangbaiju'has not seen the research.In this study,through steam explosion,the changes of phenols,flavonoids,volatile oil components and its effects on anti-oxidative activity,and then explore the advantages and disadvantages of steam explosion treatment of‘Hangbaiju'.The main results as follows:1.The effects of different steam pressure of 0.5-2.0 Mpa,30 s-180 s and 20 to 60 mesh of grain size on the main active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium,such as phenols,flavonoids and volatile oil,were studied.The results show that the better conditions for steam explosion are steam pressure of 1.5 MPa,steam duratiom of 90 s,and size of raw material particles of 60 mesh.After the steam explosion treatment,the 3-caffeoylquinic acid(3-CQA),5-caffeoylquinic acid(5-CQA),4-caffeoylquinic acid(4-CQA),3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid(3,5-CQA),4,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid(4,5-CQA),3,4-di-caffeoylquinic acid(3,4-CQA)were transformed and degraded.The results show that the content of phenols acid and flavonoids in the steam explosion of‘Hangbaiju' has decreased,which leads to the decrease of antioxidant property;The raw materials of ‘Hangbaiju' are compact and smooth after explosion under electron microscope,and the specific surface area increases,which is conducive to the release of active components;The steam explosion also occurs in the presence of glycoside hydrolysis,which leads to the decrease of antioxidant capacity;The steam explosion can lead to the release of active components;The color of Chrysanthemum morifolium deepened in different levels after steam explosion,which indicated that the high temperature and high pressure of steam explosion led to different degrees of Maillard reaction.2.In vitro digestion simulation digestion process to explore the further transformation of Chrysanthemum morifolium's components.The results showed that the content of flavonoids after steam explosion will increase after digestion in the intestine,while phenolic acid in the intestine will decrease significantly.The results showed that gastrointestinal digestion was helpful to the degradation of flavonone and phenol,and the antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium reduced significantly after digestion,which was related to the degradation of phenolic acids and flavonoids3.In this chapter,the influence of steam explosion on the extraction of volatile oil from ‘Hangbaiju' in different ways is studied.It is found that the odor of samples of chamomile is more mellow than that of no explosion.The essential oil of Chrysanthemum morifolium was extracted by supercritical,solvent and water distillation,and the change of essential oil was detected.It is found that many monoterpenes decrease after steam explosion,and alcohols and oxides increase.Because of the high temperature oxidation of steam explosion,the essential oil smell becomes more mellow and tobacco flavor,which is very suitable for the tobacco industry.The results of antioxidant analysis show that the ratio of low concentration has higher antioxidant property,the higher the concentration,the color will affect the detection results. |
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