Research On The Spatial Form Of Cities Along The Shandong Section Of The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal In Ming And Qing Dynasties

The area along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in Shandong has a long history of canal culture and urban construction.The ancients connected the natural river system to form a complex canal transportation network,which changed the geographical transportation environment in western Shandong.The canal has the dual attributes of nature and economy.As a link between cities,the canal connects the cities along the line.Historically,the cities along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,relying on important national transportation routes,have great advantages in resources,economy,and culture.Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the canal was the most important transportation route in Shandong,and the cities along the canal became the earliest commercial city in Shandong.Through the study of the urban spatial morphology characteristics along the Shandong section of the Canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,this artical initiates the study of the interaction between the canal and the city.This article hopes to review the historical background of the development of the cities along the Shandong Canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,summarize the spatial characteristics of the cities along the Canal from the macro,medium,and micro perspectives,to explore the role of the canal on the urban space.To clarify the development context of historical cities and to find spatial laws provides a new way of thinking for the study of modern canal cities.The research content of the article is mainly divided into three parts: background research,spatial morphological characteristics research,and research on the interactive relationship between the canal and the city.The thesis first sorts out the development background of cities along the canal in Shandong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The canal has a long history in Shandong,However,before the Yuan Dynasty,the canal had little influence on the development of Shandong’s cities.The canal in the Yuan Dynasty is interrupted from time to time,so the transportation mode is still sea and land.Mainly.Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal became an important national transportation route,flowing through the vast areas of western and southern Shandong.The smooth flow of the canal promoted the rapid development of commerce along Shandong.In addition to the canal factor,the transformation of the economic structure,the implementation of the water transportation policy,and the change of the transportation environment have also laid the foundation for the development of cities along the Shandong Canal.The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the period when the interaction between the canal and the city was the closest,and it was also the period of prosperity for the development of the canal city.Secondly,analyze and summarize the characteristics from three perspectives: macroscopic,mesoscopic,and microscopic: Through the macroscopic analysis of the types and formation process of Shandong’s coastal cities,it is concluded that the coastal cities are “mainly central cities,small and medium-sized towns”.The networked structural characteristics of the connection.At the medium-level,the city sites of Shandong’s coastal cities gradually moved to the canal.Eventually,Shandong’s coastal cities completed the evolution from "single structure to dual structure",and realized the transformation from a single "city" to a "city" to a real meaning.The transformation of a comprehensive city integrating politics,military,economy,and culture.At the micro-level,the city wall changes from a regular square to an irregular shape;the street and lane structure presents a "cross shape" of the inner city,and the outer city is flexible and changeable;in terms of functional layout,the inner city is mainly political,while the outer city presents The characteristic of the stratified layout with the canal as the center is shown;in the space node,the inner city node is planned by the ritual system,and it has little relationship with the canal,and the outer city node is closely related to the canal.Finally,take Linqing,a typical city,as an example to analyze the interactive relationship between the canal and the urban spatial form.This article believes that in the relationship between the canal and the city,the canal only serves as a channel,and the material carrier related to the canal is what affects the urban spatial form.Therefore,it is proposed that the function element of the canal is the most essential element that affects the urban spatial form.Water transport has set up granaries,customs post,water transport management agencies,etc.,which are the conditions for urban development,followed by shops,temple fairs,and other service facilities.The gathering of people and the development of commerce have affected the expansion of urban space,which in turn affected the city.Evolution of spatial form.