Development Of Hummingbird-Like Miniature Flapping Wing Aircraft

With the vigorous development of aerodynamics,micro-electromechanical technology,micro-electronic technology and material science,flapping wing aircraft has been applied in military war and civil fields.Miniature bionic flapping wing aircraft has gradually become a research hotspot in today’s science and technology.Different from traditional aircraft,flapping wing aircraft has unique unsteady aerodynamic advantages at low Reynolds number.How to make use of this aerodynamic advantage is the focus of the development of flapping wing aircraft.According to the flight mechanism of hummingbird and the working principle of flapping wing flight,this paper mainly studies the overall design,flapping wing design,stability and maneuverability of aircraft.The main research work is as follows:1.Overall design of hummingbird flapping wing aircraft.Firstly,by comparing the aerodynamic layout of various aircraft,the overall aerodynamic layout suitable for this design is selected.Then according to the bionic scale rate formula,the overall parameters of the aircraft are determined.Combined with the flight mechanism of hummingbird and the working principle of flapping wing flight,as well as the structure composition and working principle of Delfly series aircraft,the overall layout design of the aircraft is determined.2.Optimization design of flapping wing aircraft.The optimal design is divided into the optimal design of drive structure,the optimal design of flapping type,the optimal design of flapping frequency and the optimal design of wing membrane material.Firstly,mathematical modeling of the drive structure of flapping wing aircraft is carried out by using vector equations,and the parameters of the driving link and the variation laws of the angular displacement,velocity and acceleration of each link are obtained under the specific flapping amplitude.Secondly,through the analysis of the wing structure of hummingbird,the design scheme and processing materials of the flapping rib are determined.Finally,the flapping wing wing type,flapping frequency and the material of the flapping wing membrane are determined by aerodynamic simulation and aerodynamic test.3.Design of longitudinal stability and operational performance of the aircraft.Combined with the structure characteristics of flapping wing aircraft,the gravity center position of flapping wing aircraft was determined by suspension method.The longitudinal static stability of the aircraft is analyzed according to the relationship between the center of gravity,the focus and the aerodynamic center of the aircraft,as well as the torque characteristics and static stability conditions of the flapping wing and the tail fin,and the design method of the flapping wing and the tail fin of the aircraft and the operation method of maintaining the stability of the aircraft are obtained.The mechanical structure and working principle of transverse yaw and transverse roll of hummingbird flapping wing aircraft are explained in detail.4.Aircraft prototype construction and performance test.According to the above design requirements,3D modeling,selection and manufacture of electronic parts of the aircraft are carried out.According to the performance index,the flight test of the aircraft was carried out,and the specific performance parameters of the aircraft were obtained,which verified the correctness and reliability of the design idea.