| The acquisition of motor skills is an expression of physical behavior after repeated exercise training.In this process,the brain can improve the speed of movement,accuracy and automation by regulating motor learning and memory.Studies have shown that long-term potentiation(LTP)is induced in the synapses of the central nervous system(CNS)in the early stages of skill learning,and exercise training can increase the expression of learned LTP,and then trigger the plastic change of cortical structure and ultimately promote the control of motor behavior and the acquisition of motor skills.In recent years,motor training has been widely used in sports rehabilitation,cognitive psychology and athletics.However,due to the limitation of detection equipment and experimental conditions,the current research on the dynamic changes of cerebral blood oxygenation and its motion control mechanism in the process of motor skill acquisition by human motor training needs to be further improved.Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to continuously monitor the cortical hemodynamic response during upper limb strength regulation training.Grip strength is the basis for the formation of orderly movements and movements of the hands and upper limbs.Therefore,exploring the motor cortex is of great significance for the regulation of hand strength.This article first built an experimental platform in the Lab VIEW softwere,and realized the simultaneous acquisition of fNIRS,surface EMG signals and grip signals by designing the E-Prime program.On this basis,the experimental platform was tested and optimized by designed an experimental scheme using grip force as an indicator,and the task design was carried out by setting different parameters such as strength,duration,and task frequency of the grip strength control curve.FNIRS and s EMG signals were collected from 31 healthy subjects when performing different tasks,and the mechanism of blood oxygen regulation in motor cortex under different grip tasks was initially explored.The experimental results show that the blood oxygen activity of the motor cortex changes with the change of the grip task,and shows different activation modes with the change of strength,duration and task frequency.The experimental results test and verify the reliability of the experimental platform,which is conducive to deepening the understanding of brain motion control mechanisms and also provides a reference point for studying changes in cerebral blood flow under pathological conditions.Then,based on the established grip curve tracking visualization platform,a hand strength control training experiment was designed and implemented to explore the blood oxygen activation that induces a long-term potentiation effect of the motor cortex during active exercise training of the upper limbs.The experiment recruited 18 healthy subjects and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The 12 subjects in the experimental group performed 8 days of exercise training through the grip curve tracking task,while the control group did not perform the training.In the experiment,the fNIRS and s EMG signals of the task training process of the experimental group were continuously monitored to evaluate cortical blood oxygen activation and the status of task-related muscles.At the same time,by recorded the real-time error of the task and calculated the corresponding tracking score(TS)as the behavioral standard of exercise training performance.After that,we performed signal processing,and then plotted the cortical activation map during exercise training based on the fNIRS signal.And extracted the relevant characteristic parameters of blood oxygen concentration changes during the task for further analysis(including integral value,peak value,time to peak,time to centroides,initial activation).Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)was used to detect the LTP effect of training-induced motor cortex.Mainly by measured the amplitude changes of the motor evoked potential before and after training,and drawn the corresponding I-O curve to evaluated the changes in cortical spinal cord excitability caused by exercise training.The experimental results show that active exercise training induces cortical spinal cord excitability enhancement,and the training process can be divided into fast and slow learning stages according to training performance.The cerebral oxygenation of the cerebral cortex shows different activation modes and mechanisms at each stage,showing the process of expand-select-renormalize.In this study,fNIRS combined with TMS detection was used to analyze the changes of blood oxygen activation during the long-term potentiation of motor cortex induced by upper limb strength training.From the perspective of blood oxygen change,it provides a new theoretical basis for active training to promote motor skills.It is expected to provide reference for the improvement of training-based neurorehabilitation interventions,and to provide reference and guidance for the formulation and optimization of scientific fitness and physical exercise plans.It has important clinical significance and application value in the field of sports and rehabilitation medicine. |
