Experimental Study On The Influence Of Various Pre-Competition Training Methods On Endurance Quality Of College Middle-and Long-distance Athletes

With the continual improvement in middle and long distance running, athletes run faster and faster, resulting in the continuous breaking through of the worldly middle- and long-distance running records. One of the characteristics of this sports is that for a relatively long time, backbone nerve system and muscle will be stimulated from time to time and athletes have to consume large amount of energy to maintain the required speed, which means middle- and long-distance runners not only have to improve both their aerobic and anaerobic capacities.As a special sports group, college athletes still have a long way to go compared with professionals. Moreover, they usually have a heavy study burden and the training time is relatively short, which indicates that all the established training methods can not be put into practice blindly. This paper aims to propose a reasonable resolution for present problems and offer a theoretical basis for pre-competition training of college middle- and long-distance runners, through systematic evaluation on the training effects of college middle- and long-distance runners.Through sifting, 32 college middle- and long-distance athletes are chosen to be the experimental objects, and divided into two groups stochastically: the intensifying training group and the ordinary training group with each group being composed of 16 (n=16). Those two groups will be trained for 6 weeks in various pre-competition training methods. The enginery indexes in the intensifying training group and the ordinary training group before and after training will be recorded and all their 6-week training will be wholly monitored, aiming the influence of various pre-competition training methods on oxygen endurance, non- oxygen endurance, body components and morphology of those two training groups.The research results show the following:1. After 6-week pre-competition training, there is a noticeable difference in the intensifying group concerning muscle content and fat content (P＜0.05) and a remarkable difference in the ordinary group regarding the fat content (P＜0.01) while there is a noticeable difference in terms of fat percentage and extra-cellular fluid content compared with those before training (P＜0.05). a noticeable difference in extra-cellular fluid content compared with ordinary group (P＜0.05). Morphological indexes does not show much difference (P＞0.05).2. After 6-week pre-competition training, the intensifying group after training experiences a noticeable difference in the average power and maximal power compared with those indexes before training (P＜0.05) while the ordinary group a noticeable difference in maximal power and relative maximal power after training (P＜0.05). In addition, there is a remarkable difference in the relative value of maximal power, maximal resolution (P＜0.01) while a noticeable difference in the relative value of average power (P＜0.05).3. After 6-week pre-competition training, the average power and maximal power in the intensifying training group witnesses a noticeable difference compared with the ordinary training group (P＜0.05) while the average power and the maximal gyration witnesses a remarkable difference (P＜0.01).4. After 6-week pre-competition training, there are both noticeable differences in anaerobic, maximal oxygen pulse, the relative and absolute value of VO₂max (P＜0.05) in both groups and remarkable difference in vVO₂max in the intensifying group (P＜0.01). Compared with the ordinary training group, the intensifying group sees a remarkable difference in vVO₂max (P＜0.01).5. After 6-week pre-competition training, both the intensifying group and the ordinary training group both witnesses a noticeable difference in red blood and Hb (P＜0.05).6. The average power in the intensifying group is higher in the groups of 5s,10s,15s,20s,25s,30s than other groups while the ordinary training group witnesses a decline when it comes to 15s and a tendency of rising in other time.7. The morning pulses of athletes in both groups, throughout the whole training process, have shown an obvious fluctuation with the change of amount of exercises: a spiral downward tendency and reaching the bottom after the training yet all above the basic pulse.Conclusions:1. After 6-week pre-competition training of various training methods, the percentage of fat of all athletes declines while the percentage of muscle and tight weight increases and there is no noticeable difference in morphological indexes, resulting in the body components being more fit for sports. 2. After 6-week pre-competition training of various training methods, anaerobic stamina of athletes shows an obvious improvement. Compared with the ordinary training group, the intensifying group sees a clearer improvement and longer time to keep running at high speed, showing that intensifying training will do good to improving athletes' anaerobic stamina.3. After 6-week pre-competition training of various training methods, athletes' respiratory stamina shows an increase to various extent. Compared with the ordinary training group, the intensifying group witnesses a higher improvement and more capable to apply energy reasonably, indicating that intensifying training will do a better job in improving athletes' respiratory stamina.4. During this 6-week pre-competition training, athlete's morning pulse shows a correspondent change and flux with the change of their amount of exercises, resulting in being a criterion a coach can turn to when it comes to adjust the amount of exercises.