Study On The Optimization Of Transfer Payment Based On The Influence Of Population Flow

The vigorous development of China’s economy is also accompanied by the large-scale flow of population,which has made great contributions to the rise of GDP,the development of industry and the promotion of urbanization.However,the flow of population brings problems and challenges to the inflow and outflow areas: the inflow areas bear the pressure of providing basic public services for the dense population,the demand and supply cost of public services increase,but they lack the power to provide public services,the inflow population cannot enjoy the same education,medical and other public services as the local residents,and the farmers’ citizenization is facing greater pressure;The outflow places of population are faced with the double pressure of the loss of human capital and the increase of the dependency ratio of the remaining population.As an important means for the central government to balance the financial gap between local governments,transfer payment system can play an important role in the provision of public services and the equalization of basic public services.In recent years,the scale of transfer payment is growing rapidly,the structure and distribution mode of transfer payment are improving day by day,and the financial gap between regions is gradually reducing,which effectively makes up for the financial gap.However,there are still the following problems in solving the problems brought about by population mobility: the internal structure of general transfer payment still deviates from the functional orientation,and the allocation standard still lacks consideration for the floating population factors;the special transfer payment lacks consideration for the floating population factors,and the transfer payment mode is single;the incentive function of local government needs to be enhanced,etc.Through the analysis of transfer payment systems in Germany,the United States and other developed countries,it can be found that although the financial systems of different countries are different,the population factor is used as the distribution factor of transfer payment funds in their transfer payment design,in order to encourage local governments to receive more floating population and provide public services for them.With the increasingly serious problem of population mobility,China’s transfer payment system has begun to reform to meet the needs of the floating population,and the linkage mechanism between transfer payment and floating population is gradually improving.In the empirical part,through the "standard person" distribution model,it is concluded that it is feasible to encourage the local government to actively accept the floating population and promote the citizenization of the agricultural transfer population in order to strive for the initiative of financial distribution by linking the transfer payment system with the floating population and adjusting the increase and decrease of the pre distribution of financial transfer payment at the end of the year.Finally,some suggestions are given to optimize the transfer payment system based on population mobility: first,accelerate the reform of the financial system,clarify the division of power and expenditure responsibility,strengthen the coordination;improve the budget management system,establish the supervision and reward and punishment mechanism of fund use efficiency;at the same time,promote the legalization of the transfer payment system.Second,based on the "factor law",we should reform the transfer payment system of the common financial power,and reasonably share the public cost brought by the population flow.Third,adjust the transfer payment structure: increase the proportion of general transfer payment,reduce and combine special transfer payment;increase the proportion of balanced transfer payment in general transfer payment;optimize the internal structure of transfer payment by adjusting tax return,setting expenditure priority,etc.The Fourth is we should improve the distribution mode of fiscal transfer payment and improve the efficiency of the use of transfer payment funds: the supply of public services should be arranged around urbanization,and we should strengthen the linkage between fiscal transfer payment and floating population;the distribution of transfer payment funds should consider the population burden and adjust dynamically.Fifth,we should promote the improvement of the horizontal transfer payment from the inflow place to the outflow place.Sixthly,we should innovate the means of providing basic public services and explore the feasibility of multiple subjects participating in public services together.