The Impact Of Establishment Of The National New District On Inter-regional Labor Allocation

In order to respond to the new economic situation and achieve regional strategic goals,the state has set up national new district in specific regions,carried out innovative exploration,and provided other regions with copyable experience.On August 22,2018,the City and Small Town Reform and Development Center of National Development and Reform Commission released the "2018 China National New District Business Environment Report".The document pointed out that the current policy of the new district has disadvantages in attracting key elements,such as talent.The new national new district is about to be established.How the national new district policy affects the allocation of labor will not only involve improvement of business environment in the new district,but also the realization of regional growth poles.The rational allocation of labor between regions will help increase regional labor productivity and the total number of labor force,and promote rapid economic growth in the region.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the impact of the establishment of national new district on labor allocation.This article uses panel data based on 276 cities across the country from 2003 to 2016.Based on the theoretical analysis,the DID model is used to analyze the impact of establishment of national new district on human capital and mobility of population.Tests are used to perform robustness tests and endogenous tests,and verify the policy effects of the national new district,such as parallel trend test,placebo test and instrumental variables.Because regional factors,such as location factors and resource endowment,affect the policy effects of the new districts.For cities with different regional characters,there are significant differences in the policy impacts of national new districts.According to regional characters,China is divided into different regions,and the regional differences in the impact of national new district policies are analyzed.Finally,Suggestions of policy are put forward based on the analysis results and the actual situation.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows: First,the establishment of national new districts has a significant overall impact on the inflow proportion of urban population and per human capital.After robustness tests and endogenous tests,there is a significant positive correlation between the establishment of national new districts,the inflow proportion of urban population and per human capital in cities.This shows the before and after the establishment of national new district,the exchange and replacement of labor force increased,which increased the population and human capital of the city,and also promoted the rational allocation of urban labor force to a certain extent.Second,regional characters such as economic level and resource endowment affect the policy effects of the new district.For cities with different levels of economic development,the establishment of national new district has different effects on the allocation of labor.The impact of the national new districton the inflow proportion of urban population in the eastern and central cities is significantly positive,and the impact on per human capital of western cities is significantly positive.As the eastern and central regions have a large attraction to the population,the establishment of the new district has prompted a large number of people to gather,it does not have a significant effect on per human capital in the region.Due to they have a large population base and human capital stock,a large scale influx of high-end talent is needed to increase per human capital in cities.For western cities,the new zone policy attracts talents to flow into the western,but it does not change the trend of general outflow of population.Third,for cities with different population sizes,the establishment of national new district has different effects on the allocation of urban labor.The establishment of the new national zone has a significant positive impact on the inflow proportion of urban population in small and medium cities,and a significant positive impact on per human capital in large cities.The development potential of small cities is great.The establishment of national new districts can significantly promote the influx of population and the development of regional economies.Large cities have a certain industrial foundation,the establishment of new districts attract a large number of talents and increases urban human capital.Fourth,the impact of the industrial structure high-level index on the effectiveness of the new district policy is significantly positive.The higher the city’s industrial structure,the stronger the policy effect of the new zone’s establishment and the higher the city’s human capital.Therefore,national new district should avoid duplicating development paths completely,and should build national new district with unique industrial structures based on their own regional positioning,population size,and other characters to attract talents with special characteristics.