A Study On The Influence Of Fertility On Urban Women Development In Guizhou Province Under The Universal Two-Child Policy

Under the universal two-child policy,women as the main body of childbearing continue to be affected by the policy.This article took urban women who give birth to two children in Guizhou Province under the universal two-child policy as the research object.Through questionnaires and face-to-face in-depth interviews,this paper comprehensively explored the development status of women have two children,and combined with the theory to further analyze the needs,dilemmas and influencing factors facing the development of two-child women.In the end,it provides a new way of thinking to ease the dilemma between development and rebirth for women.The study found that the proportion of older mothers who gave birth to two children increased,and the superimposed effect of rebirth had an adverse effect on their physical health,mental health and interpersonal communication,but at the same time,the birth of second children also promoted the harmony of their family relationships.When more work-family conflicts occur,72% of women express their willingness to work in more stable jobs,and women of different occupational types are slightly differently.The reproductive wage penalty for women who have a second child in the system is not obvious,but their career promotion is blocked.In terms of political development,the percentage of direct participation in the political management of the unit is relatively low,but the enthusiasm is high.In terms of education development,the number of training participation in education development is reduced,and it is more difficult to continue learning,which is not conducive for women to accumulation of cultural capital.Under the pressure of dual parenting,the personal time of women giving birth to two children has been continuously compressed,showing a development state of more than enough but insufficient strength.In addition,this article built a comprehensive indicator system for female development,using role conflict theory from a micro perspective,gender theory and social support theory from a macro perspective,and proposes corresponding research hypotheses.Through multiple regression analysis,it found that the main factors for women’s development dilemma are the traditional gender perspective held by women themselves,the lack of formal social support,the lack of husband’s care support,and the excessive financial support of families.The needs of women who give birth to two children are manifested in the improvement of professional knowledge,a healthy interpersonal network,multi-participation in child care,as well as the welfare of child care and gender-friendly working environment provided by the society.In view of the above research findings,this article proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions.From the individual level,it is necessary to strengthen gender awareness and improve professional skills.At the level of informal support,it is necessary to establish cooperative housework and child care division.From the formal support level,it is necessary to define male parenting responsibilities in policy,the establishment of social care for children aged 0-3,and the establishment of gender-friendly public policies.