Research On The Implementation Of 1+X Certificate System In Secondary Vocational Education From The Perspective Of "Ambiguity-Conflict" Theory

The "1+X" certificate system is an innovative design to promote the transformation of the talent training mode of vocational education,and it is a keen reform to promote the development of vocational education.It is related to the improvement of the overall quality of talents and the completion of the economic modernization system in China in the future.Since February 2019,“ Implementation Plan of National Vocational Education Reform ” launched the horn of "1+X" certificate system reform,actions in various fields have been in full swing.Among them,in order to support and promote the implementation of the system,the state and local governments have successively promulgated a series of policies such as “On the pilot scheme of implementing the system of ’ diploma certificate+ several vocational skill certificates ’ in colleges and universities”,“Notice on the Pilot Work of the First "1+X" Certificate System” and “Guidance on Promoting Pilot Work of1+X Certificate System”.Because policy making is often just the beginning of the game,implementation is the real difficulty,but also the destination and purpose of policy making.Therefore,although the ’ construction blueprint ’ of the "1+X" certificate system has been basically completed,the key is how to build the ’ building ’.In the face of such a complex "1+X" certificate-related policy network system,it is necessary to think about the roles of various actors at all levels and what measures should be taken to promote the effective ’ landing ’ of "1+X" certificate-related policies ? The "1+X" certificate system has aroused great repercussions in the field of social and school practice,and has become a hot topic in the field of vocational education research.However,most of the existing studies plan the implementation path of the "1+X" certificate system from the top to the bottom,or discuss the reform coping strategies of schools in the face of the "1+X" certificate system from the bottom to the top,which is not easy to break through the whole process of the implementation of the relevant policies of the "1+X" certificate as a whole,so it is difficult to effectively guide the practice.Since the excellent and reasonable implementation mode of education policy is the key to the successful implementation of education policy,this study tries to construct the ought-to-be implementation mode of the "1+X" certificate system,and tries to explore the relief path of the effective implementation of the "1+X" certificate system.Based on Mattland ’ s fuzzy-conflict theory and other studies,this paper analyzes the fuzziness of policies from the perspectives of policy objectives,policy subjects and policy tools.It is concluded that the fuzziness of "1+X" certificate system is high,which is manifested in the imbalance of application between policy tools,the general semantic expression,the diversity and complexity of policy subjects,the ambiguity and overlap of responsibilities,the low alignment of policy objectives and tools,and the lack of hierarchy and measurability.The conflict of policies is analyzed from the perspective of policy diffusion,policy evolution and policy interests,and it is concluded that the conflict of the "1+X" certificate system is low,which is manifested in the fact that provinces(cities and districts)have followed up with the central-level policies in policy diffusion,blossoming everywhere,and initially showing a hierarchical diffusion model.The basic elements of policy change remain unchanged,and some regions adjust measures to local conditions.The mainstream values of each subject in policy interests are consistent,and the participants can obtain the necessary benefits.Therefore,the "1+X" certificate system is a policy type with high ambiguity and low conflict.According to the fuzzy-conflict theory,it corresponds to the experimental execution mode,and its effectiveness depends on the practical situation,specifically pointing to the type and quantity of internal resources related to the policy,the level of local government planning guidance,and the enthusiasm and action ability of the executors in the micro execution environment.Starting from the key factors affecting policy implementation,this study attempts to construct a situational network suitable for the implementation of "1+X" certificate system based on the central government,local governments,experimental schools,training and evaluation organizations,enterprise industries and other subjects : One is resource-driven,through on-demand allocation of multi-pronged,standardized management to improve efficiency fully tap the "1+X" certificate system implementation of resource requirements,broaden the "1+X" certificate system implementation of resource construction channels and ensure the efficiency of resource utilization "1+X" certificate system implementation.Two is normative guidance,through local conditions to optimize the quality,detailed interpretation of collaborative promotion to improve and optimize the local level "1+X" certificate system,dredge "1+X" certificate system communication channels and improve local government policy implementation performance appraisal mechanism.The third is the functional advancement.It strengthens actions through the extension consciousness,and innovates the structure to shape the environment so as to cultivate the action ability of the policy-end executors and shape the action structure of the policy-end execution field.After that,this study turned to the research on the actual state of the implementation of the "1+X" certificate system in micro-level secondary vocational schools.Through indepth interviews with secondary vocational schools,it was found that the implementation of the "1+X" certificate system has made some progress : the initial docking of talent training programs,the continuous promotion of the three-education reform practice,and the basic establishment of teaching management system.Some achievements have been made : for schools,teaching quality has improved and influence has gradually increased.For students,the completion rate of certificate examination is high,and the learning enthusiasm is increased.However,it is also faced with difficulties such as the obstruction of course certificate integration,the uneven quality of teaching materials and the uneven implementation.On the whole,the implementation of the existing "1+X" certificate system of secondary vocational education is at a shallow stage.Some difficult projects are still at the textual level,and it is difficult to penetrate into the “ hearts of the people ”in the in-depth practice.It is also difficult to predict the long-term and deep effect on the development of schools and students.In view of this,from the perspective of the fuzzyconflict theory,this study uses the ought-to-be model of policy implementation to reflect on the causes of the current situation,so as to grasp the overall development direction.It is concluded that the causes of the current situation are passive resources : financial resources are difficult to support the popularization of certificates,and human resources are difficult to cope with the deepening of reform.Planning behind : the key elements of policy text fuzzy,policy implementation assessment lack of goals.Function insufficiency :the idea lag causes the reform to suspend,the path dependence difficulty surmounts.Finally,as Michael Fran said,’ The future will not be a repeat of the past ’ any policy reform seeks to optimize old elements and generate new ones.To root a suspended "1+X" certificate system,Based on the three pairs of relationships between top-level design and bottom-level promotion,concept remodeling and action breakthrough,supply optimization and demand matching,this study constructs the "1+X" certificate system implementation practice optimization strategy system with top-down coordination,internal and external linkage and left-right convergence.