Research On The Operation Of Headmaster’s Power ——Based On The Perspective Of School Internal Governance

Within the scope of the power conferred on schools by the national and local school management systems,the effectiveness of school management depends on the operation of the headmaster’s power.However,under the influence of traditional Chinese and Western management concepts,the current headmasters’ power operation has obvious characteristics of centralization,prominent instrumental rationality,horizontal power rupture,and vertical power dislocation.Because the school’s internal governance concept under the perspective of modern governance emphasizes the elimination of the school’s internal power center and the reconstruction of the power structure,and the realization of multi-center governance and multi-subject participation,it provides a new perspective for solving the above-mentioned practical dilemma of the headmaster’s power operation.This research focuses on the following questions:（1）What are the components of the headmaster’s power?（2）How is the headmaster obtained,decentralises,empowers and supervises when dealing with the internal affairs of the school? What kind of practical characteristics does it show? What are the characteristics of the power operation under different headmaster management styles?（3）What problems exist in the operation of the headmaster’s power? What are the factors that affect the operation of the headmaster’s power and present the aforementioned problems?（4）From the perspective of internal school governance,what paths should be taken to enhance and improve the operation of the headmaster’s power? Therefore,from the perspective of school internal governance,this study selected 4 schools that are currently exploring the practice of internal school governance for inspection,and comprehensively used qualitative research methods such as interview method,observation method,shadow survey method,and literature research method.Conduct research on the process of the headmaster’s power acquisition,decentralization,empowerment,and supervision in the school’s internal governance,understand the practical characteristics of the headmaster’s power operation in the school’s internal governance,reveal the practical dilemma and its causes of the headmaster’s power operation,And try to propose an optimal path for the operation of the headmaster’s power.The improvement path of operation provides a reference for schools that want to explore the practice of school internal governance.Through investigation and analysis,this study found that the headmaster’s power operation mainly shows the following situations:（1）The headmaster’s power mainly comes from organizational resources and personal resources,and there is a cross influence between personal resources and organizational resources;（2）The headmaster decentralizes power mainly through department functions and business decisionmaking processes,and his power is not single but multiple;（3）The headmaster mainly conducts administrative empowerment for teachers and students.The empowerment of teachers is mainly based on their professional abilities,interpersonal resources and autonomous willingness.The empowerment of students involves classroom teaching,teacher recruitment,student activity design,etc.;Technological empowerment reconstructs the power and responsibility relationship between school leaders and other teachers to a certain extent,and also gives ordinary teachers a greater right to speak;（4）The supervision of the operation of the headmaster’s power mainly relies on national legislation,assessment and evaluation and democratic systems;（5）The headmasters of the four schools respectively showed the management styles of "hands-on","focusing on the big and letting go of the small","steadfast and steady" and "forging ahead";（6）On the whole,the operation of the headmaster’s power in the internal governance of the school presents a transformation based on the role and function of the headmaster,promoting multi-subject interaction and coordination,and promoting the realization of The practical nature of a shared vision.After further searching for the practical problems revealed by the operation of the headmaster’s power and exploring the reasons,it is found that the headmaster’s power operation mainly includes the polarization of democratic participation,the imbalance of the headmaster’s power,and the lack of organizational power checks and balances.The main reasons can be summarized as the headmaster’s governance concept.There are three categories: vagueness,weak awareness of teachers’ power and insufficient supervision mechanism.In order to effectively promote the operation of the headmaster’s power,promote the transformation and upgrading of school management,and better achieve sustainable development,this study draws on the internal school governance theory and related literature to sort out,and suggests that an improvement path of co-construction,cogovernance and sharing should be established,namely Based on vision creation,role reconstruction and organizational construction,promote co-governance through legal foundations,negotiation and interaction,evaluation and supervision,institutional guarantees and social support,and ultimately realize the sharing of power for those who have achieved their goals and the sharing of values for adults who have achieved success.