The Khorasan Avenue In The Mongolian And Yuan Dynasties

Khurasan High Road is an ancient channel for commodity exchange,national fusion,and cultural exchange in Inner Asia.As early as the Umayyad Caliphate(AD 661-750),its governor,Khorasan,controlled most of the central and western Asia to the east of Baghdad,and built eastern post system from Baghdad to Khurasan border.At the same time,the Tang dynasty's political power also extended to Central Asia,changed the long-standing separatist situation that impeded transportation between China and the West.At that time,the Silk Road could directly reach Baghdad from Changan,the capital of the Tang Dynasty,connecting Chinese civilization,Arab civilization,Persian civilization,and European civilization,created the most prosperous era in the Middle Ages in Central and Western Asia.In the period of the Five Dynasty and two Song dynasties,the Central Plains power was confronted with diversity,the Abbasid dynasty also went into recession and lost control of the Oriental provinces.At this time,although the land traffic was not completely interrupted,the traffic situation was affected by the separatist situation.During Mongol-Yuan period,after a series of military actions by Genghis Khan and his descendants on Central and Western Asia,the area along the Khurasan High Road was under the control of the Mongolianso.They not only eliminated the-long-term secession situation,but also dredged khurasan High Road by the way of building a posts.In this unprecedented opened-era,frequent contacts between businessmen,messengers,tourists and monks in Eurasia and Africa have promoted cultural communication and dissemination between China and the West.Khurasan High Road was dredged by the military actions of Mongolian rulers,and experienced the process of and the rise and fall of trade routes and cities and towns.Therefore,Khurasan High Road during the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties and Khurasan High Road during the Arab Empire had obvious changes in routes,place name,and city size.This essay uses related literature and archeological relics to sort out the routes of Khurasan High Road.In addition,this essay also did research on the political,economic and cultural roles played by Khurasan High Road in history.This paper contains the following chapters:Chapter One briefly introduces the development of the political situation in the area along the Khurasan High Road before the rise of Mongolia,and analyzes Genghis Khan's west expedition and management of Central and Western Asia,as well as Xu Leiwu's west expedition and the construction of the post stations in Ill Khan.Chapter Two analyzes the changes of Khorasan High Road in detail based on medieval historical records,and studies the route of Great Khorasan High Road during the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasty in detail:which started in Baghdad and went through Hamadan,Rayy,Nishaour,Maru,Bukhara,Samarqand Zamin,and reached in China.Chapter Three discusses the function of Khurasan High Road in the political and military aspects of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties,and points out that it is the communication channel between the Yier Khanate and the Chagatai Khanate,and even the Yuan Dynasty.And further explores its economic and cultural functions.Conclusion part,according to the contents of the previous study,summarize the reasons why Khurasan High Road prospered again during the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasty,and reflect on the rise and fall of Khurasan High Road in the entire history of the Silk Road.