| Innovation-driven development is inseparable from the support of colleges and universities 'scientific research and innovation capabilities.Colleges and universities are an important position for the development of technology in China.The invention patents of the scientific research teams of colleges and universities are an important manifestation of colleges and universities' scientific and technological strength.However,the phenomenon of "idleness" and "escape" of scientific and technological achievements in our universities is serious,and a large number of excellent scientific and technological achievements have not been transformed,which fundamentally restricts the construction of an innovative country.Although China promulgated a series of laws and regulations governing service inventions,such as the Patent Law and the Law of Progress in Science and Technology,etc.There are still some specific problems about the ownership and rewards of inventors.This legislation situation is one of the institutional reasons that lead to the low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in Universities in China,and the lack of positive and continuous transformation power of R&D personnel.To resolve the problem of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,we need to choose a proper breakthrough and carry out appropriate institutional innovation.The Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of China,which was revised in 2015,decentralized the disposal,revenue,and use rights of scientific and technological achievements,marking the beginning of a reform in which the ownership of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is transformed.In this paper,the concepts and theories of title confirmation of scientific and technological achievements in positions and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities are sorted out,the action mechanism of title confirmation of scientific and technological achievements in positions promotingthe transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is analyzed,and the conceptual model of title confirmation of scientific and technological achievements promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in positions is constructed,which lays a theoretical foundation for the following research.Based on the statistical data of 27 provinces(excluding Tibet,Hainan,Qinghai,and Ningxia)in mainland China from 2012 to2017,the transformation efficiency and influencing factors of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities were studied.Firstly,the DEA model modified by Bootstrap method was employed to study the static efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.Secondly,the dynamic efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements by the Malmquist index was studied.Finally,Tobit model was used to study the factors affecting the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities,and the internal and external factors affecting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities were empirically analyzed in a time-sharing manner,taking the power determination of scientific and technological achievements in 2015 as the boundary.The empirical results of efficiency evaluation show that value of transformation efficiency of university scientific and technological achievements by means of bootstrap-dea and traditional DEA is not equal,There is a certain bias in overestimating the error and the deviation varies among provinces.Neither was a single province's(autonomous region or municipality)transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities at the production frontier from 2012 to 2017,nor did it continue to improve.The transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in universities showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2014,while from 2015 to 2017,the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities gradually increased.From 2012 to 2017,the transformation efficiency ofscientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities in Eastern,Central and Western China presented that the best in the east,followed by the central,and the worst in the west.The empirical results of influencing factors show that from2012 to 2017,the exchanges of scientific and technological activities,the number of research and development institutions and the support of regional governments are significant influencing factors for the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in universities.From 2012 to 2014,the number of research and development institutions and the exchange of scientific and technological activities in colleges and universities were significant influencing factors for the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.From 2015 to 2017,the exchange of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities and the support from regional governments are significant influencing factors for the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.By clarifying the ownership of property rights,the confirmation of scientific and technological achievements in positions improves the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities.In this process,factors affecting the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities in different periods and under different backgrounds are diversified by influencing the behaviors of researchers. |
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