Research On Transformation Efficiency Evaluation Of Scientific And Technological Achievements In "Double First-class" Colleges And Universities Based On DEA And Three Helix Theory

Scientific and technological achievements represent the innovation ability of a country,and its of colleges and universities reflect the achievements of innovation education in China.The transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is an important part of the industrialization of technological achievements,which affects the international competitiveness and the level of economic and social development in China.According to the past statistics,the research and development of science and technology in our country focus on the basic research stage,and the industrialization and commercialization stages of the results are often broken.Therefore,the conversion rate of technological achievements in colleges is generally lower than that in developed countries.In October 2015,the State Council promulgated an overall plan for the implementation of the "double first-class" strategy.In September 2017,the State Council announced the list of 42 "world-class universities" and 95 "first-class disciplines".China’s"double first-class" construction plan is being deployed and implemented.Among them,"improving the level of scientific research and striving to promote the scientific and technological results transfer-efficiency" is the key task of the "double first-class"construction,which shows that the transformation efficiency and performance optimization of scientific and technological results in universities have received attention.In order to complete the task of "double first-class" University construction and improve the transfer efficiency of achievements in our country,it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the transformation of achievements in "double first-class"universities.In the past,the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological results in universities was evaluated using a single DEA model,and there was less literature research combined with the three helix theory.Through literature investigation,this study reveals the present research situation of "double first class","double first class"and "double first grade".This paper expounds the relevant contents of "double first class",the transformation results and results,the conversion and conversion efficiency of achievements in universities,the DEA theory,and the three-helix theory,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the later research.Using the BCC model with variable scale returns in the DEA model,we adhere to the principles of unity between comprehensiveness and rationality,unity between authenticity and operability,and unity between stability and comparability,and select input-output indicators for calculations.The comprehensive efficiency,pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency of scientific and technological achievements of 32 "double first-class"universities were obtained.From the overall point of view,the scale efficiency of"double first-class" universities is higher than that of pure technology,and the conversion of "double first-class" universities ’scientific and technological achievements into pure technology efficiency needs to be improved.From a single University,DEA effective units include Tsinghua University,Beijing Normal University and other five universities;Among the 27 non-DEA effective units,the technological efficiency of the four universities of Nankai University,Shandong University,Zhejiang University,and Renmin University of China is 1,and the scale efficiency is less than 1,indicating that there is a need to improve the scale efficiency.The remaining 23 non-DEA effective colleges and universities are less than 1 in terms of scale efficiency and technical efficiency,indicating that both efficiency needs to be improved at the same time.Through the analysis of the output relaxation variables of the non-DEA validity decision-making unit,it can be found that there is an input redundancy and insufficient output,and it can be improved from the specific input and output indicators.At the same time,the efficiency improvement method of the non-DEA effectiveness decision-making unit is only discussed from the university level,and the improvement of technical efficiency can also be achieved through technological innovation and improvement of management level.According to the evaluation results obtained by DEA,further combining the three helix theory,starting from the government and the enterprise level,the strategy of promoting the conversion efficiency of "double-first-class" University scientific and technological results is proposed,thus complementing the DEA analysis.The specific recommendations are as follows:(1)As the guide for the transformation of scientific and technological results,the government must maintain the high efficiency of policy implementation to promote the efficiency of the transformation of achievements;Encouraging investment by all types of enterprises and institutions;Continue to use the legal system to strengthen the protection of scientific achievements in universities;We will further create space for technological innovation.(2)Enterprises,as collaborators,need to actively cooperate with universities.The establishment of enterprise scholarships and the provision of employment opportunities encourage universities to complete the transformation of achievements;In the process of transforming scientific and technological achievements,it takes certain risk responsibilities and actively invests the results into the market to realize industrialization;We will improve our ability to absorb and help transform.