Study On The Landscape Characteristics Of The Remaining Confucion Temple In Western Shu Area

The Confucian Temple is the temple for Confucius to sacrifice in ancient times,but also a place for government-run teaching,but also the precious historical and cultural heritage of China.The country has repeatedly emphasized the importance of cultural heritage protection.The strong politics and culture in the Western Shu region promoted the development of Confucian temples.Confucian temples were set up in almost all prefectures,prefectures and counties in the Western Qing Dynasty.These Confucian temples carried the long history and culture and witnessed the prosperity and development of the past dynasties.There are only 27 Confucian temples in the Western Shu area,and the integrity of the remaining Confucian temples is not high.Most of the Confucian temples only have a small number of single buildings.Therefore,it is urgent to study the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the Western Shu region.As an important historical and cultural resource in the Western Shu region,the Confucian temple gardens are an important window to display the regional culture of the Western Shu region.The in-depth study of it is to better inherit and carry forward the unified culture.This paper studies the gardens of Confucian temples in western Shu area,From the perspective of the landscape architecture discipline,Based on the relevant local Chronicles and historical materials of the Western Shu region,Through the field research,And using literature research,field survey,graphic analysis,comparative induction and other research methods,Explore the development and evolution process of the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the western Shu area,Combing the spatial layout characteristics and landscape elements of the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the West Shu area,Through the comparative analysis of the remaining Confucian temple gardens in West Shu area and other types of gardens in West Shu area,and the remaining Confucian temple gardens in other areas,Summarize the characteristics of the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the Western Shu area,Finally,the protection and development of the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the western Shu area are discussed.The following research results were obtained:(1)Although the Western Shu area has inconvenient external transportation,it has been a gathering place for multiple ethnic groups since ancient times,promoting the integration of multiple cultures here.Especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the immigration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" deeply collided with foreign culture and Shu culture,forming a regional cultural characteristic that is both inclusive and inclusive.At the same time,the mountain range,water system,and climate conditions in the Western Shu area have created favorable material conditions for the formation of Confucian temples,making it a livable and business-friendly place of Tianfu.More importantly,there is a strong cultural atmosphere in the Western Shu area.On the one hand,a large number of literati and masters,either born in the Shu area,traveled to the Shu region,or sought refuge in the Shu area,have cultivated a cultural atmosphere in the Western Shu area.On the other hand,scholars and scholars have improved the overall cultural atmosphere of society and attach great importance to culture and education.These all have a significant impact on the formation and development of Confucian temples in the Western Shu area,and Confucian temples in the Western Shu area also exhibit unique regional cultural characteristics in this atmosphere.(2)The formation and development of Confucian temples in the Western Shu area can be divided into six stages: the preparatory period of the Han,Sui and Jin,the development period of the Tang Dynasty,the prosperous period of the Song Dynasty,the stable period of the Yuan Dynasty,the prosperous period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the period of modern protection.Compared with the Confucian temple architecture,the development of Confucian temple gardens in the Western Shu area is slightly lagging behind.It was only in the infancy in the Tang Dynasty,and was in the development period in the Song Dynasty,and a relatively unified spatial pattern was formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.According to statistics,there are 27 Confucian temples in the West Shu region,among which there are the most remaining Confucian temples in Chengdu and as many as 10,which is also related to the booming economic and cultural development of Chengdu as the core location of the West Shu region.The27 remaining Confucian temples are divided into four types according to their preservation: 29.6%,14.8%,22.2% and 33.4%.There are 25 existing Confucian temples in the West Shu area that are listed as cultural relics protection units at all levels,including 6 in China,12 in provincial,5 in municipal,2 in county,and 2 that are not listed as cultural relics protection units.(3)The site selection of the Confucian Temple is quite exquisite,which should not only meet the functionality and convenience of sacrifice and lecturing,but also love the beautiful scenery.At the same time,consider the influence of feng shui and take the southeast as the resort.Affected by this,the site selection of Confucian temples in the West Shu area can be divided into six types: city land(the center of the city,the city edge near the mountain,the gate near the city edge)and the countryside(the countryside near the mountain,the countryside near the water).At the same time,the location and orientation of Confucian temples are also mostly in the south.On functional layout,the temple is sacrifice and teaching functions,sacrifice the main part of the building is dacheng hall,teaching part of the main building is the hall,so in the relative position relationship of dacheng temple and temple to determine the layout of the west shu region of the temple is divided into left temple right,right temple,former temple,temple,a temple two learn five types,and the most common pattern is left temple right and right temple left learning,accounted for more than seventy percent.On the space composition,sacrifice part of the space layout has a fixed shape,after to layout for the leading etiquette space,subject sacrifice space,auxiliary si space,teaching part space is relatively casual,no fixed layout mode,according to the function can be divided into teaching way space,life office space.The overall spatial organization of the Confucian Temple is rigorous and axisymmetric,and the spatial sequence organization of the Confucian Temple has a rhythm of transition and integration.At the same time,through contrast,infiltration and other garden techniques,it creates a changing garden space..(4)The landscape elements of the Confucian Temple garden in the Western Shu area are full of regional characteristics and thought-provoking.In terms of architecture,on the basis of retaining the official architecture,the Confucian Temple in the Western Shu area pays more attention to local characteristics and waterproof and rain shelter,and sees more soaring wings,steep roof,corridors,etc.,which have strong regional characteristics.In the sketch,the material is more common in the stone quality,exquisite craft,rich in content.In terms of decoration,special attention is paid to the rendering of cultural atmosphere,and the content is more common in Confucian literature,gentleman than virtue,prayer and luck and so on.In terms of waterscape,although Yanchi is a necessary landscape element of the Confucian Temple,Yanchi in the Western Shu area also has unique regional characteristics,or a temple,or its size is very huge.In terms of plants,the garden plants of Confucian Temple in Western Shu area mostly choose local plants with rich connotation and good at creating solemn atmosphere of Confucian temples,and flexibly use planting techniques such as solitary planting,planting,column planting,cluster planting and potted plants to create a beautiful natural landscape environment.(5)Through comparative analysis,it is found that the remaining Confucian temple gardens in the Western Shu area have the external environment,the compact and efficient functional layout,the changing space composition,the artistic construction,and the skills.(6)The current situation of the protection and utilization of the remaining Confucian temples in the Western Shu area,as well as the existing problems,summarizes the thinking on the protection and utilization of Confucian temples,that is,the overall planning,strict control,pay attention to culture,and repair the old,hoping to make a small contribution to the protection of the historical and cultural heritage of the Confucian temples in the Western Shu area.