Economic Benefit Analysis Of Penaeus Vannamei Culture In China

Since the 1960 s and 1970 s,with the continuous reduction of world fishery resources,the improvement of aquaculture technology and the increasing global population,aquaculture industry has played an increasingly important role in meeting the growing needs of consumers for aquatic products.At present,shrimp is an important aquaculture species in China.It has abundant trace elements which are beneficial to human body.Its nutritional value is high,and it is welcomed by domestic and foreign consumers.Among them,Penaeus vannamei is the main species of shrimp culture in China,and China occupies an important position in the world’s Penaeus vannamei culture.White shrimp,the scientific name of Penaeus vannamei,is one of the most important economic shrimps in the world.Because of its strong adaptability,short growth cycle,low nutritional requirement,strong disease resistance,easy cultivation under parental artificial conditions,suitable for high-density culture and other characteristics,the culture of Penaeus vannamei has developed rapidly in China.After nearly 30 years of development,the aquaculture mode of Penaeus vannamei in China has developed from a single pond culture mode to various forms of aquaculture mode.At present,the main aquaculture modes in various places are: pond culture mode,high pond culture mode and factory culture mode.Penaeus vannamei aquaculture industry plays an increasingly important role in improving farmers’ income and optimizing the structure of agricultural industry.Therefore,this paper analyses the economic benefits of shrimp farmer and the existing problems in the process of shrimp farming,which will help to improve the management level of shrimp farmers,expand the profit space of shrimp farming and help the government to guide the sustainable development of the shrimp industry correctly and macroscopically.Based on the data from the field survey conducted by the industrial economic team of the national shrimp and crab industry technology system in three typical shrimp farming areas of Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong Province from August to September 2017,the economic benefits of shrimp farming in South America were analyzed,including cost-benefit analysis and management efficiency analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Among the three modes of Penaeus vannamei farming,the total cost of factory farming is the highest,followed by the high-level pond farming mode,and finally the soil pond farming mode.In terms of cost structure,the convertible costs of the three modes are much higher than their fixed costs.The main cost expenditure items in the process of culture of Penaeus vannamei are feed cost,water and coal cost,shrimp seedling cost,shrimp medicine cost,land rent cost,also known as contract cost of earth pond,depreciation cost of fixed assets and wage cost of fixed employees.(2)Compared with the soil pond culture mode and the high-level pond culture mode,the factory culture mode of Penaeus vannamei has better economic benefits,higher input and output,lower cost of gaining profits,higher profit level of breeding sales,and stronger overall profitability.(3)All three farming modes have the ability to resist market risk.Compared with the soil pond farming mode and the high pond farming mode,the factory farming mode of Penaeus vannamei has a greater ability to resist market risk.Under the three farming modes,the sensitivity coefficient of net profit to sales price is the highest,then the convertible cost,and finally the fixed cost.(4)There are differences in management efficiency among different culture modes of Penaeus vannamei.The management efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of factory culture mode are the highest,followed by high-level pond culture mode,and finally by soil pond culture mode.At the same time,the higher the management efficiency of Penaeus vannamei aquaculture,the better the economic benefits of its aquaculture.The main reason for the technical inefficiency of farmers or enterprises under different aquaculture modes is the excessive input factors.According to the above conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward:(1)Controlling the variable cost of shrimp farming: the main input factors in the process of shrimp farming in South America are overuse,and alleviating the redundancy of these factors requires the government,relevant enterprises and farmers’ enterprises or joint efforts.The competent industry departments and related enterprises need to strengthen the scientific research investment and technology promotion of shrimp seedlings,feed and shrimp diseases;farmers or enterprises need to actively participate in the training of aquaculture technology to improve their own aquaculture level.Joint efforts should be made to improve the survival rate of shrimp seedlings,the utilization rate of feed and farming machinery and equipment,and the knowledge of shrimp disease prevention and control,so as to reduce unnecessary breeding costs and risks.(2)Raise the sale price of aquaculture: In the three aquaculture modes,the sensitivity coefficient of net profit to the sale price is the highest,so the farmers can differentiate the sale according to their own characteristics under the three aquaculture modes,and then improve the sale price and increase the economic benefits of the farmers.(3)From the perspective of profitability and risk resistance,we should encourage the development of factory farming mode.