The Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution And Ecological Effects Of The Land Use Transformation Of “three Living Spaces” In Shandong Provinc

In recent years,with the rapid development of China’s economy and urbanization,the phenomenon of living space squeezing ecological and production space has occurred from time to time.For example,the rapid urban expansion,reduction of highquality arable land resources,and the encroachment of ecologically valuable land such as forest land and grassland.The competition and conflict between various land use types is becoming increasingly fierce,which has a negative impact on the ecological environment and is contrary to the requirements of China’s economic upgrading and sustainable development.Therefore,a quantitative study of the ecological and environmental effects of land use transformation can provide some reference for decision-making on regional territorial spatial planning and reform of the ecological civilization system.In view of this,this study takes Shandong Province as the study area,from the perspective of Production-Living-Ecological(PLE)space,quantitatively analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of land use transformation in three economic circles of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020.Based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(In VEST)model,the ecosystem service functions of habitat quality,carbon storage,soil conservation and water yield in the three economic circles were evaluated.Then,the comprehensive ecological environment quality index was constructed to indicate the ecological effect.Finally,the driving factors of ecological environment change are explored.It can provide scientific support for coordinating the limited land resources development and ecological environment protection in Shandong Province.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the agricultural production-ecological space showed a steady decreasing trend,and the ecological space and urban-rural living-production space increased year by year.The main types of land transfer are the mutual transfer between agricultural production-ecological space and urban and rural life-production space.Three economic circles of PLE space land quantity structure change roughly the same as the province.In space,the spatial distribution equilibrium degree of each PLE space land is characterized by two-stage differentiation.The Gini coefficient of agricultural production-ecological space is the smallest,which is widely distributed in the whole province;second is the urban and rural production-living space,focusing on economically developed cities and expanding around;the Gini coefficient of ecological space is the largest and the spatial distribution is the most unbalanced.In terms of the center of gravity trajectory,the center of gravity position of all PLE space land types has moved,the movement range of production space and living space is small,and the ecological space is large.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the soil conservation and water yield of PLE space in Shandong Province continued to increase,while habitat quality and carbon storage showed a downward trend.The habitat quality in the provincial capital economic circle was higher,water yield and soil conservation were lower;the soil conservation and habitat quality of Jiaodong economic circle were higher,carbon storage was lower;the carbon storage and water yield of the southern Shandong economic circle were higher,and the soil conservation was lower.The comprehensive ecological environment index(EEI)of the PLE space Shandong Province showed a downward trend,and the decline was small and stable.The three economic circles were relatively balanced.The EEI showed a positive correlation in space,and the agglomeration trend first increased and then decreased slightly,with the dominant high-high agglomeration.The high value areas were mainly concentrated in the central and southern mountainous areas of Changqing,Qingzhou,Yiyuan,Rongcheng and the hilly areas of Jiaodong Peninsula.The low value areas were mainly distributed in northwestern Shandong,southwestern Shandong and Jiaolai Plain with large urban living-production space areas such as Shinan in Qingdao and Kuiwen in Weifang.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the natural condition factor played a major role in promoting the ecological environment change of PLE space in Shandong Province,and the temperature and terrain had a prominent impact on the ecological environment.Among the human economic factors,road area,artificial afforestation area and general industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization rate were the main influencing factors.There were significant differences in the degree of interaction and direction of action between different factors.The interaction between human economic factors and terrain has the most complex impact on the ecological environment.The interaction between natural conditions and artificial afforestation area also had a profound impact on the ecological environment of Shandong Province.