A Report On The E-C Translation Of France’s And Germany’s Arctic Strategy Documents In 2019 Under The Guidance Of Newmark’s Text Typology Theory

Based on the English texts France and New Arctic Strategic Challenges and Germany’s Arctic Policy Guidelines,the report studies how to solve the problems of E-C translation practice of informative texts with case study and inductive synthesis method in light of Newmark’s text type theory.The source texts are the latest policy documents on the theme of national Arctic strategy issued by the French and the German governments in 2019,respectively.For proving the necessity and rationality of their Arctic strategies and actions to the international community,the source texts,both formal in tone,emphasize objectivity and accuracy of language to elaborate facts about current political,economic,military,and ecological tensions in the Arctic.This text is an informative text,according to Peter Newmark’s text typology.To ensure faithfulness and smoothness of the translation with the same informative function as the original text,communicative translation approach is employed to solve the translation difficulties caused by lexical,syntactic,and textual differences,according to Peter Newmark’s text typology.On the lexical level,the translations of proper nouns commonly used are adopted,or if there is no standard translation,literal translation and transliteration are used;the words in nominalization are transformed into verbs;and some category words are added if necessary to ensure the readability of the translation;on the syntactic level,the skills including passive to active voice conversion,division of long sentences as well as transposition of subordinate sentences are exercised;and on the textual level,three articulation devices are used in source texts to achieve textual coherence,namely personal and indicative pronouns,conjunctions and ellipsis.In order to conform to the Chinese institutionalized utterance and convey the information fully and precisely from the original text to the translation text,the referents of pronouns are clarified,some conjunctions in the source texts omitted and the elliptical sentences supplemented in translation.The translation of the English version of the French and German Arctic policies facilitates the related scholars and the general public in China to understand the policy guidelines of each country and to get up on speed on the situation of the Arctic through breaking down the language barrier between English and Chinese.The techniques for solving translation difficulties in this report can contribute for future translation practice of the same topic.