| Since 1999,China has entered an age of aging population.In the past 24 years,China’s population structure has shown an obvious bell shape,and the population advantage is gradually disappearing.China’s population aging problem is increasingly prominent,life expectancy continues to extend,and the disease rate of the elderly is also rising.All these factors have led to the increase of the cost of providing for the aged and the change of the structure of the cost.When predicting one’s own pension,people generally adopt the thinking mode of "saving according to one’s income",i.e.deducting necessary expenses from the current income,and then allocating the short-,medium-and long-term savings according to how much one can save,without considering one’s actual needs after retirement.For this reason,this paper calculates the difference between the annual total income and the annual expenditure of the retirees on the basis of "living by supporting",and calculates the pension cost and retirement income of the residents at the micro level,so as to calculate the pension fund gap.In theory,the author tries to reflect the consumption decision-making and behavior pattern of micro-households in practice with the theory of three generations overlapping life cycle.Based on the aging characteristics of China’s elderly who are not rich before they get old,who are not prepared before they get old,and who are lonely before they get old,the author tries to better understand the elderly’s pension needs with the ERG demand theory,so as to provide certain ideas for insurance enterprises to develop commercial pension insurance products and supporting services from the demand perspective.The first chapter takes the cost of providing for the aged as the research object,and finds that the total cost of providing for the aged,medical care cost and spiritual and cultural cost are likely to increase.As for the cost structure of providing for the aged,the proportion of medical care cost and spiritual and cultural cost is likely to increase,which further increases the pressure on pension funds for the elderly.The second chapter takes the commercial old-age insurance as the research object,analyzes the current situation of the development of commercial old-age insurance in our country,showing a steady growth trend as a whole,analyzes the development advantages of commercial old-age insurance,including providing long-term stable income,realizing the long-term risk transfer and satisfying the quality of life after retirement,and analyzes the development status of tax deferred commercial old-age insurance and exclusive commercial old-age insurance.In the third chapter,SPSS software is used to analyze and pre-process the data selected from the CLHLS2018 database.First of all,the sample’s age,gender,household registration and other basic information were analyzed,and its social and economic conditions were analyzed,including social insurance,residents’ medical insurance,new rural cooperative medical insurance,commercial old-age insurance and commercial medical insurance.The results showed that the proportion of the elderly with commercial insurance was very low,and it was difficult to supplement the old-age pension funds of the elderly.Based on the analysis of the self-cognitive health status of the elderly,it is found that the self-cognitive health status is positively correlated with age.Then through the assignment calculation,the disability status of the elderly is analyzed.It is found that the disability rate is significantly related to gender,age and household registration,and the disability rate is higher,indicating that the health status of the elderly is poorer than their self-cognition.Secondly,by calculating the average value of the sample data and making other estimates,the specific values of the eight major consumer expenditures are sorted out and calculated,and the pension mode is innovatively divided into choosing a non-pension institution pension mode and choosing a pension institution pension mode,and then the basic living cost,medical care cost,spiritual living cost and other costs of the elderly in these two modes are calculated separately.Finally,the personal income of the elderly who choose non-pension institutions and pension institutions is calculated by averaging the sample data,and the intergenerational income support of the elderly from family members is considered on the basis of previous scholars’ research.Chapter 4 According to the calculation results of the elderly’s pension expenses and pension income in Chapter 3,the pension fund gap that needs to be supplemented by Pillar 3 is calculated after deducting the elderly’s pre-retirement savings accumulation and the income obtained from Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 after retirement.The calculation results show that the pension fund gap for choosing the non-pension institutions is about44,400 yuan,while the pension fund gap for choosing the pension institutions is as high as 329,900 yuan.Through the analysis of commercial endowment insurance products in the market,the present situation,problems and causes of the problems in making up for the endowment fund gap are explored.The conclusion is that commercial endowment insurance in the market can supplement the endowment fund gap of the elderly who choose the non-endowment institution endowment mode to a certain extent,but the endowment service is deficient.For the endowment fund gap of the elderly who choose the endowment institution endowment mode,the insured who purchase commercial endowment insurance will bear a lot of pressure in the accumulation period and need to purchase as soon as possible.At the same time,it summarizes the development experience of foreign endowment insurance to promote the development of our endowment insurance.The fifth chapter,combined with the previous analysis,suggests that individuals and families pay attention to the accumulation of personal pension accounts,pay attention to commercial pension insurance,do a good job in health management,and improve the health level;It is suggested that enterprises focus on the development of pension services,extend the insurance industry chain,innovate and improve pension insurance products,enhance the ability to use funds,and steadily increase the rate of return;It is suggested that the government should promote the establishment of individual retirement account system,formulate reasonable supervision policies,encourage the orderly development of commercial endowment insurance,provide government endorsement for commercial endowment insurance,attach importance to the development of home-based endowment service,and encourage multi-party participation. |
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