Anthropological Study On Land Transfer

This paper takes Maoshan Town,Luquan County,Yunnan Province as the field site,takes land circulation phenomenon as the investigation object,and from the perspective of anthropology,uses field survey methods to explore the logic behind the practice of land circulation residency,and how contractors,villagers and villages interact and connect based on the specific social situation of land circulation,and then explore the impact of large-scale land management,What changes have taken place in the production and life of villages and villagers who have left the land.Before the arrival of large-scale land transfer,the villagers in Maoshan Town continued the decentralized and fragmented production and operation mode of land since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system.This family based agricultural operation mode,to a certain extent,restricted the agricultural development and social modernization process in rural society.At the same time,the villagers cultivated land,lived only around land The state of keeping close contact with land maintains the basic appearance of rural society to a large extent.Since the 1980s,China has issued and implemented land policies,which provide legal and regulatory support for the occurrence of land scale transfer;At the local level,land transfer is related to the pursuit of the local government’s goal of governing agriculture,and power becomes the direct power to promote land transfer;Grass roots organizations(village committees)play an important role in land transfer,residence and business services.With the infiltration,participation and guidance of multiple powers,Maoshan Town has formed four land transfer modes,namely,investment promotion,one village one product modern agricultural product creation,and subcontracting or direct contracting of large farmers.After the realization of land transfer,agricultural companies,large planters and other capital forces entered the village.The villagers’ family based semi farming and semi working agricultural management pattern changed.Specialized service organizations appeared in the village,and migrant workers began to return.When the economic effect brought by the large-scale land management is transmitted to the village social level,there is differentiation and division of labor among villagers,and rural brokers,temporary workers and long-term workers become an important component of the differentiation subject.With the formation of heterogeneous forces within the village,the rural social relations have become complex.Villagers and foreign strangers are in the same space.On the basis of the difficulty in absorbing and assimilating foreign groups,the village social norms have failed.In the specific scale operation of the contractor,the main reasons for the risk and even failure of scale operation are that the change in the nature of land operation does not adapt to the laws of agricultural production,the increase in agricultural production costs required by the high level of agricultural mechanization,and the lack of efficient,long-term and sustainable operation and development planning of land scale operators.When the large-scale operation of land fails,the legitimate interests of villagers are violated,and villagers take various ways to resist the operation of capital and safeguard their own interests.In this process,the relationship between villagers and capital,local governments,grassroots village group cadres and other parties becomes tense,and the government becomes the sole guarantor of the failure of large-scale land transfer.This paper argues that the land transfer is a complex process.The large-scale land transfer not only changes the villagers’ production and lifestyle,but also impacts the foundation of maintaining the village community.In villages where farmers no longer farm land,the degree of interaction and dependence between villagers has declined,and conflicts between villagers and capital and local governments are growing.As the village has been unable to complete its own social integration,the strangeness of the villagers’ groups,the opposition and differentiation of different interest groups have become the new features of the rural society after the land transfer.Therefore,land transfer can not only be regarded as an activity in the agricultural field,but also has a direct impact on rural society.Under the background of land transfer,rural society is experiencing an unprecedented change.