| According to the data of the seventh national population census in 2 0 2 1,the population aged 60 and above in China has reached 260 million.The aging problem of China’ s population has become increasingly prominent and has become a social problem that needs to be solved urgently.Scientific physical exercise for the elderly plays an important role in improving their own health level,relieving the social pension pressure and realizing active aging.As a key group in China’s national fitness cause,the physical exercise behavior of the elderly has its own group particularity,and is affected by many factors.In this study,the elderly in the community of Chengdu were taken as the survey object.The research used the methods of literature,questionnaire and interview to investigate and analyze the characteristics of physical exercise behavior of the elderly in the community of Chengdu;Based on the perspective of social ecology,this paper explores and analyzes the influencing factors of elderly people’ s participation in physical exercise in Chengdu community from the individual level,interpersonal level and community level.And according to the survey results,we propose targeted optimization strategies,with a view to providing reference for the development of sports work of the elderly in Chengdu communities,and improving the level of participation in physical exercise of the elderly in Chengdu communities.First of all,according to the literature review and the preliminary survey and interview,a prediction questionnaire on the influencing factors of sports participation of the elderly in the community of Chengdu was prepared.Through the distribution and filling of the prediction questionnaire for 130 elderly people in Chengdu,and the statistical analysis of the collected data,such as project analysis and factor analysis,was conducted through SPSS2 2.0.After the overall reliability and validity of the questionnaire passed,The formal questionnaire of influencing factors of sports participation of the elderly in Chengdu community was determined.Secondly,450 elderly people were selected from 15 communities in the main urban area of Chengdu for questionnaire survey,and 433 valid questionnaires were finally obtained.By using independent sample T test,analysis of variance and other statistical methods,this paper analyzes the differences in the characteristics of physical exercise behavior of different categories of elderly people in Chengdu,and uses exploratory factor analysis to extract and name the factors that affect the elderly’ s participation in physical exercise in Chengdu communities.Finally,on the basis of the results of the questionnaire analysis,a semi-structured interview outline was prepared to interview 1 5 elderly people in the community of Chengdu who participated in physical exercise and their related community sports staff.Through coding and sorting out the interview data,the specific analysis of the factors affecting the physical exercise of the elderly in the community of Chengdu was further carried out.The research results are as follows:(1)The survey results of the basic situation of the elderly in the community of Chengdu show that the gender distribution of the elderly in the community who participate in physical exercise in Chengdu is relatively balanced,showing the characteristics of "younger age" in terms of age.The education level of the elderly is mainly low.The elderly mainly live with their partners or with their children.The average monthly income distribution is high in the middle and low at both ends.Most of the elderly are unemployed,and nearly half of the elderly suffer from one or more chronic diseases.(2)The choice of exercise motivation of the elderly in Chengdu community has a consistent feature,and the value of exercise needs to be further explored.In the selection of sports events,they tend to traditional sports events,mainly aerobic sports,and the physical exercise of the elderly in the community of Chengdu shows the characteristics of "low intensity,high frequency,and long time".As for the choice of exercise places,they prefer " nearby and free" physical exercise places,mainly exercising with family and friends and with people in the same project.The degree of organization and guidance for the elderly to participate in physical exercise is low,and 45.5% of the elderly have not received guidance from professionals in the process of physical exercise.(3)The differences of physical exercise behavior among different categories of the elderly were analyzed: the elderly of different genders had significant differences in exercise motivation and exercise item selection;There is no significant difference in the choice of physical exercise time between the elderly of different genders and different age stages;There are significant differences in physical exercise intensity among the elderly at different ages;There is a significant difference in the frequency of physical exercise among the elderly of different genders,and there is no significant difference in the amount of exercise among the elderly of different genders and different age stages,all of which are characterized by low amount of exercise.The elderly with different sleep habits and different economic income levels have significant differences in physical exercise time,specifically,the elderly who sleep less than 6 hours are more likely to exercise in the morning,and the elderly who sleep more than 9 hours are more likely to exercise at night;There are significant differences in the choice of physical exercise places among the elderly with different education levels and different economic income levels;The elderly living in different ways also have significant differences in the choice of distance between sports venues,specifically,the elderly living with their children or partners prefer to choose a distance of less than 15 minutes in the choice of distance between sports venues,while the elderly living alone or in nursing homes prefer to choose a more distant sports venues.There are significant differences in the number of years of physical exercise persistence among the elderly of different genders and different age stages,specifically: the number of years of physical exercise persistence of the elderly aged 75-79 is significantly higher than that of the elderly aged 60-64 and65-69;As far as gender is concerned,the persistence of physical exercise of male elderly is higher than that of female elderly.(4)Through exploratory factor analysis,there are seven main factors that affect the elderly in Chengdu community to participate in physical exercise,which are named as material condition factor,cognition and skill factor,family support factor,social support factor,sports facilities environment factor,sports organization environment factor and natural environment factor.(5)The problems faced by the elderly in Chengdu communities when participating in physical exercise are mainly manifested in the following aspects: in terms of material conditions: chronic diseases and limited economic income;In the aspect of cognition and skill factors: lack of scientific training knowledge and sports events;In the aspect of family support factors,the family population is too large and the family does not support;In terms of social support factors: lack of partners in the process of sports and doctors did not recommend physical exercise;In terms of the environmental factors of sports facilities,the conditions of venues and facilities are not perfect enough,and there is a lack of facilities suitable for the elderly to exercise;In terms of sports organization environment,there is a lack of professional guidance in the process of exercise,the quality of health monitoring service is low,and the atmosphere of community sports exercise is not strong enough;In terms of natural environmental factors: in the face of rainy and snowy weather and seasonal temperature changes,there is a lack of indoor stadiums and facilities.To sum up,the author puts forward the optimization strategy of physical exercise for the elderly in Chengdu community:(1)popularize scientific exercise knowledge and improve the elderly’s physical exercise literacy;(2)Strengthen interpersonal support and create a good atmosphere for physical exercise;(3)Perfect physical exercise facilities and conditions,and optimize physical exercise environment;(4)Improve the quality of health monitoring service and promote the development of sports elderly care model;(5)We will strengthen the training of sports instructors and improve community sports organizations. |
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