Research On The Problems And Countermeasures In The Implementation Of ’Universal Two-child’ Policy In X City

In recent years,the significant decline in fertility rate has sounded the alarm for the healthy development of China’s population structure.How to effectively improve the current situation of China’s fertility rate and promote the long-term balanced development of China’s population structure has become a problem that must be solved in current policy formulation and social practice.To effectively deal with the problem,the ’universal twochild’ policy was formally implemented in 2016.Its primary goal is to increase China’s fertility rate,improve the population structure,and promote the healthy and stable development of society.However,since the implementation of the ’universal two-child’policy,the problem of low fertility rate has not been solved.Factors such as fertility desire,social reality,demographic structure,and future expectations affect the actual effect of the policy.In 2021,the state introduced a ’three-child’ policy.Therefore,it is a very meaningful and urgent task to study the problems in the implementation of the ’universal two-child’policy and put forward effective solutions.Aiming at the phenomenon of slow population growth and low fertility rate in X city,this paper conducted a systematic study based on Smith’s policy implementation process model using questionnaires and interviews.Questionnaires and interviews mainly focus on the number of children,fertility intentions,fertility actions,environmental factors affecting fertility,and suggestions for promoting fertility in families of couples of childbearing age.The results show that the current fertility actions of couples of childbearing ages are generally low,and fertility desire presents mainly temporary representational characteristics,which are greatly affected by the fertility environment and supporting policies,and have the potential to be greatly improved.Based on the research results and using the theory of Smith’s policy implementation process model,this paper systematically analyzes the factors influencing the implementation of the "universal two-child" policy in four dimensions: the policy itself-"universal two-child" policy;the main body of implementation-government;the target group-families of childbearing age;and the environmental factors-education,housing and medical care.Analysis found that the introduction of the "universal two-child " policy is conducive to increasing the number of births,is a relatively ideal policy in line with the China’s national conditions,but the implementation effect is poor,mainly because of the lack of relevant supporting policy and measures.This lack leads to environmental factors that cannot meet the needs of families of childbearing age to give birth to "two children",resulting in the weak implementation of the policy,and there is still much room for improvement in terms of policy objectives.Therefore,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions: government departments need to speed up the formulation of supporting policies;implement supporting policies as soon as possible;increase the fertility desire of couples of childbearing ages;improve education,housing,medical and environmental factors.The implementation of these measures will improve China’s population fertility rate to promote long-term balanced development of population structure,alleviate the problem of aging society.