Trends And Causes Of Gender Differences In Education And Gender Dividend In China

In recent years,along with the continuous low fertility rate and the increasing aging problem,China’s population structure has undergone significant changes,and the demographic dividend is getting farther and farther away and irreversible in the short term.Under this realistic background,cultivating new demographic dividend to promote high-quality economic development has become a hot topic,among which gender dividend based on demographic dividend theory stands out.Gender dividend refers to the realization of the liberation and power of women,who account for half of the population,under the premise of gender equality,and the use of high-quality gender equality to bring economic growth and improve the well-being of human society.The core element of gender dividend release is female human capital.Only with higher human capital can we create better labor participation and social participation.The accumulation of female human capital is mainly obtained through education,so the equality of education and the elimination of gender difference in education are aspects that cannot be ignored in the process of pursuing gender equality and stimulating gender dividend in China.Firstly,this paper calculates the GPI index of education gender difference in gender equality and comprehensively investigates the development trend of education gender difference at different levels in China.Secondly,the ordered Probit model was constructed based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey for five years to explore the influencing factors of gender difference in education,and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model was used to analyze the contribution degree of personal endowment,implicit discrimination and other factors to the influence of female education attainment.Again,based on the conclusion from the above analysis the mechanism of action of female human capital influence gender bonus release as well as to the current restriction factor analysis of gender bonus release,finally return to the population,economy,social structure profound transformation and "demographic dividend" tends to decline the realistic background,how to further play to women’s human capital endowment advantages and its derivative effect,Release the continuous gender dividend to benefit social development and put forward relevant policy suggestions.This study has important reference significance for realizing gender equality and forming new demographic dividend.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The convergence trend of educational gender difference at all levels of education in China is obvious,and the convergence speed of educational gender difference at higher education level is the fastest;(2)the family background,personal effort,household registration,year of birth,and regional impact on education for existence,which has good family background,individual effort,the rural household registration,year of birth late,located in the economic development better in the east group more probability to continue to accept higher education,and all of these factors on the male education affects the effect is less than women;Compared with fathers,mothers’ resources such as cultural capital and social capital have a greater impact on the educational attainment of their offspring.(3)With the improvement of women’s education level and the development of The Times,the impact of implicit discrimination on women’s personal development has become weaker and weaker,and the impact of gender discrimination has been largely offset by personal efforts in education.(4)The state promotes the equalization of women’s education through the implementation of external laws and policies and the influence of internal subtle concepts,and is committed to realizing gender equality in the true sense.(5)The realization of equal access to education and the narrowing of gender differences in education improve the endowment of female human capital,promote the realization of better female labor force participation rate and social participation,and improve the development of women themselves and generate more economic effects.(6)Currently,there are still some constraints on the release of gender dividend in China.To realize the full release of gender dividend from the perspective of gender equality requires joint efforts of governance system,labor market,economic structure,educational development,cultural concepts and other aspects.