Research On Higher Vocational Students’ Craftsman Competencies And Its Cultivation Countermeasures

The issue of competencies cultivation and ability development of higher vocational students has been the focus of research on higher vocational education.It is also the central part of higher vocational education process.With the development of social modernization and industrialization upgrading,artisanal technical skill talents have become an important resource for the modernization of China’s industrial system.Cultivating artisanal technical skill talents plays an important role in the industrial layout and industry development in China,which requires higher vocational colleges to train students to become highly skilled and qualified personnel.This study firstly explains the relevant theories about craftsman competencies of higher vocational students,explores its components,then investigates the existing development and cultivation of craftsman competencies among higher vocational students,analyzes the problems and causes of craftsman competencies development among higher vocational students based on the survey results,and finally proposes corresponding cultivation countermeasures.This study clarifies the connotation characteristics and formation process of craftsman competencies of higher vocational students on the basis of combing related literature.Through interviews with 17 teachers and educational administrators of higher education institutions and22 higher vocational students in Hebei Province,the research method of grounded theory was applied to determine that the craftsman competencies of higher education students mainly consists of six elements: solid skills,good learning,dedicated diligence,excellence,responsibility and dedication.Through a questionnaire survey of 614 higher vocational students from 12 higher vocational colleges in Hebei Province,the results show that the overall level of higher vocational students’ craftsman competencies is medium,and there are some differences in the level of craftsman competencies among different groups of higher vocational students.The five aspects of student learning initiative,teaching content,practical training,faculty level and school-enterprise collaboration play an important role in supporting the formation of craftsman competencies of higher vocational students.This study conducted in-depth interviews with some students and related educators based on the results of the questionnaire survey.On the basis of sorting out the problems of cultivating craftsman competencies among higher vocational students,the causes of the problems are mainly summarized in six aspects:there are some deviations in the orientation of higher vocational education,the cultivation system of students’ core competencies is not sound,the cultivation of students’ craftsman character and value is relatively weak,the effect of school-enterprise cooperation in the cultivation of competencies is not satisfactory,the construction of teachers in higher vocational institutions needs to be strengthened,and the external support system for higher vocational education is not perfect.Based on the findings,this study proposes countermeasures for the cultivation of artisanal literacy among higher vocational students in six areas.First,to improve the policy system of vocational education and guide the correctness of higher vocational orientation,mainly including promoting the implementation and implementation of supporting policies for higher vocational education,establishing a government-led coordination mechanism for higher vocational education resources,and building a quality assessment and mutual recognition system for the cultivation of vocational talents.Secondly,to improve the cultivation of core competencies of craftsmen and enhance the adaptability of students’ development,mainly including three aspects: clarifying the cultivation objectives of higher vocational talents with the guidance of comprehensive development,optimizing the content system of higher vocational students’ competencies cultivation courses,and combining on-campus practical training and off-campus internship to enhance comprehensive competencies.Thirdly,it attaches importance to the cultivation of the value of craftsman character and realizes the comprehensiveness of literacy development,mainly including three aspects of strengthening positive character education to enhance students’ moral quality,integrating craftsman spirit into students’ ideal and belief cultivation work,and improving the ideological and political performance assessment mechanism of higher vocational students.The fourth is to ensure the quality of higher vocational institutions and promote the practice of all-round education,mainly including the construction of distinctive higher vocational institutions in line with the actual local development,strengthening the construction of "dual-qualification" teachers with the guidance of competence,and building a higher vocational campus culture with craftsmanship as the core.Fifth,the construction and development of school-enterprise community,the formation of a new pattern of competencies co-education,mainly including the establishment of the interests of participating subjects to ensure the mechanism,promote the depth of participation of enterprises in the education activities of higher education institutions,the development of incentives for school-enterprise co-education,the establishment of quality assurance system of education-industry integration education.Sixth,to optimize the social environment of vocational education and enhance the support for competencies cultivation,mainly including reconstructing cultural identity to enhance the social status of skilled personnel and guiding social opinion to enhance the social recognition of vocational education in two aspects.