Tripartite Game Behind The Choice Of Shadow Education For New Middle-class Families Under The Background Of Double Reduction Policy

Under the background of the "Double Reduction" policy,shadow educational institutions,which have long been on the fringes of institutional management.But now it have become increasingly active educational subjects,gradually attracted the attention of relevant departments,and begun to be officially included in the management category of state institutions.Shadow educational institutions have becoming the center of institutional supervision.Correctly understanding the logic behind new middle-class families’ generous investment in shadow education is the only way to improve the education system and standardize the management of the education industry.Therefore,based on the micro-power theory,this research focuses on the competitive relationship of the educational autonomy of the three parties behind the choice of shadow education for new middle-class families through surveys and interviews with teachers,parents,and public school teachers in shadow education institutions in Guiyang,Guizhou Province.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,the education burden reduction policy has always regarded public schools as the core object of supervision,which is strictly controlled by the policy system.Shadow educational institutions have long been in a state of lack of educational policy management,making the industry grow rapidly in the market.After the promulgation of the "Double Reduction" policy,shadow educational institutions have been subject to unprecedented strict supervision,and the institutional environment of schools has changed from institutional constraints to institutional advantages.In order to cope with the cold winter of the shadow education industry,shadow education institutions have tried various forms of market transformation,strategically avoiding the constraints brought by the "Double Reduction" policy.Therefore,the introduction of the "Double Reduction" policy has not broken the current competitive competitive relationship between public schools and shadow educational institutions,but has instead promoted new middle-class families to join the game situation,making the competitive relationship more complicated.On the basis of the universality of educational autonomy,each educational subject has formed a competitive relationship for educational autonomy in the process of education,for achieve a greater degree of educational autonomy for themselves.In the competitive relationship of educational autonomy between public schools and shadow educational institutions,there are two forms of competition and convergence.With the support of the system,schools use the institutional advantages and the power advantages brought by the education system to impose restrictions and constraints on shadow educational institutions,weaken the competitiveness of shadow educational institutions,form a restraining effect,and strengthen their own educational autonomy.In order to cope with the structural constraints under the division of the system,shadow educational institutions use the educational resources brought by their own capital operations to form a business strategy oriented by the distribution of educational resources,and realize the enhancement of educational autonomy.However,public schools and shadow educational institutions have also shown a certain degree of homogeneity.Through the mechanisms of coercion,imitation and social norms,the two educational subjects both learn from each other’s operating elements while maintaining their own basic characteristics.Gain a greater degree of educational autonomy in the process of catering and imitating.In the competitive relationship between public schools and new middle-class families,due to the high degree of rationalization and active educational actions of the new middle-class,the home-school cooperation model,which was originally centered on the school and passively cooperated by the family,has been repeatedly tried by the new middle-class families to break.However,in the face of the strong authority and educational autonomy of public schools,the failure of new middle-class families to confront schools and the high cost of comprehensive avoidance make shadow educational institutions a way for new middle-class families to break through the predicament and strive for educational autonomy in addition to school education.As a result,competition for educational autonomy has also formed between new middle-class families and shadow educational institutions.Under the exchange relationship between the two,new middle-class families acquire a high degree of educational autonomy at the expense of economic resources,and shadow educational institutions also actively cater to them in order to acquire economic resources.However,at the same time,shadow educational institutions also build virtual teacher-parent relationships through consumer relationships,and use various means to guide the participation and cooperation of families in the educational process to achieve their own educational autonomy.In order to win the favor of the new middle-class families among the various shadow educational institutions,a competition situation has been formed around the contradiction between liberalism and conservatism in the education of new middle-class families.Different types of shadow educational institutions learn from each other’s business strategies,strengthen the connection with the formal education system,integrate multiple functions,and stimulate potential market demand.Shadow educational institutions of the same type also cater to the educational needs of new middle-class families by creating unique business styles and constructing educational concepts.Behind the shadow education choices of new middle-class families is the result of independent choices and mutual games among new-middle-class families,public schools,and shadow educational institutions in pursuit of their own educational autonomy.The "Double Reduction" policy only restrains the sustainable development of shadow education institutions through strong institutional authority,which may be difficult to break the current education market pattern,and it is difficult to obtain a fundamental solution to the expansion of shadow education,and shadow education governance will still exist as a long-term problem.