Study On Influencing Factors Of Childlessness Women Of Childbearing Age In Shanghai

The total fertility rate of China has not exceeded 1.50 since 2000,and the decline of fertility rate has caused a great impact on population.The aging of population,the small number of children,the gradual disappearance of demographic dividend and other problems have become the main population problems of China.With the decrease of fertility rate,the concept of marriage and childbearing in China is changing constantly,which is manifested as the delay of average age of first marriage,average age of first childbearing and average age of bearing.As a city with rapid economic development and high degree of openness in China,Shanghai leads the whole country in the transformation of its population development mode.As early as 1993,Shanghai entered the stage of population decline,and the total fertility rate dropped to 0.73 in 2020.The decline in fertility level means that the fertility willingness of the people is also decreasing,which is not only manifested in the low willingness to have a second or third child,but also more and more people don’t want to have children,which is called zero fertility willingness in this paper.Today,with the low fertility willingness and the gradual expansion of voluntary infertility groups,it is of great significance to study the zero fertility of women of childbearing age.Based on descriptive analysis,crossover analysis,Chi-square test,binary Logistic regression model and other methods,this paper takes women of childbearing age in Shanghai as the research object and adopts the data of "Questionnaire survey on Population Development and Family Monitoring Data in Shanghai" launched by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission in 2021 and interview data.This paper explores the group characteristics of women of childbearing age with zero fertility willingness women,the factors influencing their fertility intention and the reasons for their unwillingness to bear,and puts forward relevant policy suggestions on this basis.Conlusion:1.Among the 17,586 respondents,2,050 women of childbearing age had no desire to have children.Among unmarried women of childbearing age,33.94%women had no desire to have children,while among married women,3.48%women had no desire to have children.2.The marriage age,family housing area,household registration,residential area of childbearing age women are significantly correlated with their fertility intention.The older women of childbearing age get marriage,the higher their zero fertility intention;The smaller the housing area of women of childbearing age,the higher their zero fertility intention.The women live in central urban areas and the women has Shanghai register have a higher proportion of zero childbearing intention.3.For unmarried women,educational background,annual family income,family housing area,household registration and urban area of residence are significantly correlated with their fertility intention,among which household registration and urban area of residence are positively correlated,while others are negatively correlated.4.Educational background,family housing area,household registration and residential area of married women of childbearing age are significantly correlated with their fertility intention.The higher the educational level of married women,the higher their zero fertility intention;The smaller the housing area,the higher the zero fertility intention;The unmarried women of childbearing age with household registration in Shanghai and central urban area have relatively high zero fertility intention.5.Reasons why women of childbearing age do not want to have children:From the quantitative analysis,work pressure,dislike of children and economic pressure are the reasons why most women of childbearing age do not want to have children.Qualitative analysis shows that women of childbearing age are unwilling to give birth to children due to their pursuit of personal value,the weakening of family function of traditional childbearing,the gap between ideal childbearing and reality,the psychology of evading childbearing responsibility,and the multiple social identities women face.6.Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:Pay attention to the phenomenon of voluntary infertility among young people and guide them to set up a correct view of fertility;Relieve the anxiety of giving birth and raising children,reduce the pressure of women bearing children;To build a good fertility environment to encourage women to take care of their families while getting jobs;We will strengthen pre-marital and pre-pregnancy check-ups and provide public reproductive assistance services.Make efforts to create a good atmosphere of marriage,to help women get marriage at the right age.