| Teenagers are the hope of the nation,and their physical health is highly valued by the Party and the government.According to the "Eighth National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey Report," the morphological development indicators of Chinese students,such as height,weight,and chest circumference,have continued to improve,and the level of lung capacity has also increased.However,the rates of myopia and overweight/obesity have continued to rise,grip strength has declined,and the decline in physical fitness of adolescent students has become increasingly serious.The sharp contrast between the improvement in body shape and the poor physical fitness reflects the lack of physical exercise among Chinese adolescent students.In recent years,policy formulation and implementation have increasingly focused on the role of physical exercise in promoting the physical fitness and health of young people.The "Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Extracurricular Training for Compulsory Education Students" proposes to focus on primary and secondary school students,and to create a good environment and conditions for physical exercise through two-way reduction.As a major education reform,the "dual reduction" policy is beneficial for restoring the educational ecology,improving the quality of physical education in schools,and having a profound impact on the physical exercise behavior of young people.Research objective: To explore the influencing factors of physical exercise behavior among middle school students in Shanghai under the "double reduction" policy using the Grounded Theory,and then develop corresponding research tools,and conduct a questionnaire survey of middle school students in Yangpu District,Shanghai,using stratified random sampling method.This will describe and analyze the influencing factors of physical exercise behavior among middle school students in Shanghai under the "double reduction" policy,explore its impact path,expand the current research on physical exercise behavior,and propose policy recommendations to promote the improvement of physical exercise behavior among middle school students.Significance: This study is of great significance for enriching the theoretical system of adolescent physical exercise behavior and improving the research content of the "double reduction" policy.It can provide theoretical basis for the effective implementation of the "double reduction" policy and the promotion of physical exercise behavior among middle school students.The practical significance includes providing decision-making reference for local governments in promoting physical exercise behavior among middle school students under the "double reduction" policy,effectively playing the leading,planning,and guaranteeing roles of the "double reduction" policy,and improving the current situation of physical exercise behavior among middle school students in Shanghai.Research methods:(1)Literature review: Retrieving literature,books,policy documents,and other data related to the "double reduction",exercise behavior,physical activity,and physical exercise.(2)Grounded Theory: Selecting research participants through stratified and target sampling,obtaining raw experience data through semi-structured interviews,and following the Grounded Theory procedure for coding analysis.(3)Questionnaire survey: Based on the results of the Grounded Theory study,combined with mature scales at home and abroad,the "Influencing Factors of Physical Exercise Behavior among Middle School Students in Shanghai under the ’Double Reduction’ Policy" questionnaire was compiled for investigation.(4)Mathematical statistics: SPSS 22.0 and Amos 25.0 were used for data processing and analysis.Spearman correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between variables and to preliminarily analyze the research hypotheses.Partial correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the direct impact of explanatory variables on middle school students’ physical exercise behavior.Bootstrap method was used to investigate the indirect impact of explanatory variables on middle school students’ physical exercise behavior through mediating variables.Research findings:(1)The factors influencing the physical exercise behavior of middle school students in Shanghai under the "double reduction" policy include campus atmosphere perception,important others,personal resources,objective conditions,and school physical education.Among them,the campus sports system and school sports characteristics are the constituent elements of campus atmosphere perception;parental influence,teacher influence,and peer influence are the constituent elements of important others;personal ability and personal exercise experience are the constituent elements of personal resources;after-school sports services,sports training classes,and homework assignments are the constituent elements of objective conditions;physical education class experience,sports venues,and facilities are the constituent elements of school physical education.(2)The physical exercise behavior of middle school students in Shanghai can be divided into two dimensions: explicit physical exercise behavior and implicit physical exercise behavior.The latter refers to psychological and internal behaviors during physical exercise,including "exercise behavior attitude,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control." These three elements exist as mediating variables and are influenced by "campus atmosphere perception," "important others," and "personal resources."(3)The influence of "campus atmosphere perception" on the physical exercise behavior of middle school students is not direct but indirect."Campus atmosphere perception" affects the attitude of middle school students towards exercise behavior,thereby affecting their physical exercise behavior.The exercise behavior attitude plays a complete mediating effect between campus atmosphere perception and physical exercise behavior.(4)The influence of "important others" on physical exercise behavior can directly and positively affect middle school students’ physical exercise behavior,and it can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior by influencing their subjective norms level.Subjective norms play a partially mediating role between important others and physical exercise behavior.(5)"Personal resources" can directly and positively influence the physical exercise behavior of middle school students,and it can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior through the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control.Perceived behavioral control enhances the transmission effect of personal resources on physical exercise behavior.Perceived behavioral control plays a partially mediating role between personal resources and physical exercise behavior.(6)"Objective conditions" can directly and positively influence the physical exercise behavior of middle school students,and it can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior by influencing their personal resources.Personal resources play a partially mediating role between objective conditions and physical exercise behavior.(7)The influence of "school physical education" on the physical exercise behavior of middle school students is not direct but indirect.It indirectly affects their physical exercise behavior by influencing their personal resources.Personal resources play a complete mediating effect between school physical education and physical exercise behavior.Recommendations:(1)Create a campus sports atmosphere and cultivate middle school students’ interest in physical exercise.(2)Strengthen home-school education and improve the subjective norms of middle school students in multiple dimensions.(3)Improve personal resources and strengthen middle school students’ perceived behavioral control.(4)Clarify the resistance to the implementation of the "double reduction" policy and improve the objective conditions for middle school students’ physical exercise.(5)Innovate classroom teaching methods and improve middle school students’ perception of the quality of physical education. |
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