| At present,China is deepening the implementation of digital transformation strategic action.In the field of education,digitalization has become an important engine to promote the modernization of higher education,and digital transformation has become an important means to empower the high-quality development of higher education institutions.Optimizing and upgrading education infrastructure,changing and reshaping the classroom teaching environment are important elements of digital transformation of higher education.Smart classroom makes the classroom environment more immersive,connected,intelligent and experiential by enhancing technical support and resource supply,which is a high-end form of digital learning environment and the focus of most universities in the future.In the above context,how to give full play to the application value of smart classrooms and make them truly become an ecosystem that empowers the high-quality development of higher education is the focus of future research.Learning engagement is a key indicator of classroom teaching quality and learning quality.Exploring the mechanism of the factors influencing learning engagement in the smart classroom environment will help improve teachers’ teaching practices and enhance the quality of classroom teaching in the smart classroom environment.Thus,the investigation of college students’ learning engagement in smart classrooms becomes an unavoidable issue in the digital transformation stage of higher education.In this study,the following three questions are explored.First,dimensional classification and level survey of college students’ learning engagement in a smart classroom environment.This study identifies the structure of learning engagement in the smart classroom environment by sorting and analyzing relevant studies on learning engagement.It contains four sub-dimensions: behavioral engagement,cognitive engagement,emotional engagement,and interactive engagement.Based on the established scales,this study developed the "Smart Classroom Environment College Student Learning Engagement Survey Scale",which has high reliability and can be used to conduct the survey.The findings revealed that college students’ learning engagement in the smart classroom environment is at a high level,but cognitive engagement and interactive engagement are relatively low;learners exhibit characteristics such as the ability to maintain a high level of concentration,a high level of accomplishment,and a strong sense of belonging;in addition,there are problems such as easily giving up when encountering problems,insufficient use of deep learning strategies,low interest in the environment and learning tasks,and insufficient interpersonal interaction;there were no significant gender differences in college students’ learning engagement in the smart classroom environment,but there were significant differences in both grade and major.Second,a model of influence factors for college student engagement in smart classroom environment was constructed and validated.Through interviews with students who have participated in learning in smart classrooms,as well as literature screening,this study outlines seven factors of influence from the individual and environmental levels,including self-efficiency,learning motivation,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness,teaching design and organization,teacher support and peer support.Combined with the support of relevant literature,this study established an initial model of the influence factors on student engagement of university students in smart classroom environments.The structural equation modeling method was used to validate and analyze the initial model.It was found that,in addition to instructional design and organization,self-efficacy,learning motivation,perceived ease of use,perceived usefulness,teacher support,and peer support all had significant positive direct effects on college students’ learning engagement;learning motivation was the key factor directly affecting learning engagement;perceived usefulness was the mediating variable for the effect of perceived ease of use on learning engagement,and self-efficacy and learning motivation were the mediating variables for the effects of instructional design and Self-efficacy and motivation were the mediating variables for the effects of instructional design and organization,teacher support,and peer support on learning engagement.Subsequently,multiple regression analysis was further used to explore the effects of the seven influencing factors on the four sub-dimensions of learning engagement.The analysis found that: self-efficacy mainly influenced behavioral engagement,learning motivation mainly influenced cognitive engagement and affective engagement,and perceived usefulness mainly influenced interactive engagement.Finally,strategies for enhancing college students’ learning engagement in the smart classroom environment.Based on the blended learning activities based on smart classrooms and smart learning platforms,this study designs 13 strategies for enhancing college students’ learning engagement and specifies the behaviors for strategy implementation.The strategies include target value strategy,platform guidance strategy,and learning monitoring and reminding strategy in the independent learning stage;emotional motivation strategy,learning environment adaptation strategy,even though assessment and timely feedback strategy,collaborative knowledge construction visualization strategy,and classroom interactive tool use strategy in the consolidation and internalization stage;task design and guidance strategy,recommended resources and tools strategy,and role assignment strategy in the transfer application stage;evaluation Peer evaluation strategies and strategies for promoting reflective learning activities in the reflection phase.And this study relied on the "Information Technology and Curriculum Integration" course at Q University to conduct intervention practice.A quasi-experimental research method was used to test the effectiveness of the implementation of the enhancement strategies.The results of the study showed that the implementation of the enhancement strategies can promote learners’ learning engagement,but there are still areas for further improvement and optimization. |
