Research On The Practice,Innovation And Development Of Marxist Agricultural Cooperation Theory

The "first proposition" of Marxist agricultural cooperation theory is under a specific historical background(highly developed capitalist socialized mass production and the social and economic system in which farmers perish or are destined to become agricultural workers)For specific goals(politically guide farmers to overthrow the capitalist system,establish a socialist system,and finally transition to a communist society;economically guide farmers to establish labor cooperative production organizations,transform the small-scale peasant economy,improve the level of productivity,and improve farmers’ living conditions)Based on specific theoretical assumptions(farmers’ family production and management are eliminated by capitalism,farmers are deprived of all means of production and become agricultural workers who can only sell labor)."The second proposition" is to turn to the development of service-oriented agricultural cooperatives under the socialist market economic system under the conditions of underdeveloped or even extremely low social productivity,underdeveloped or even backward market economy and the dominant mode of agricultural small-scale production.Under the "first proposition",Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory puts forward the implementation of planned economic system,the construction of public production cooperatives and the implementation of agricultural cooperation.Lenin practiced this theory in wartime communism and Stalin in the period of overall collectivization,and Mao Zedong in the period of China’s socialist planned economy with the people’s commune as the organizational carrier.However,Lenin,Stalin and Mao Zedong actually faced the "second proposition" in promoting agricultural cooperation,the production relations of collective farms and people’s communes far exceeded the agricultural productivity The socialization level of agricultural production and the practice eventually failed.During the period of Lenin’s new economic policy and after China’s reform and opening up,based on the actual agricultural conditions of the "second proposition",we developed agricultural commodity economy and market economy,promoted the establishment of service-oriented cooperatives in the field of circulation,improved the efficiency of agricultural production and operation,and promoted the improvement of agricultural productivity.Because Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory excludes the market economy and does not involve the construction,institutional arrangement and governance structure design of agricultural cooperatives,it can not guide practice.In the 1990 s,China introduced and studied the western agricultural cooperation theory.After 15 years of practice of the law of the people’s Republic of China on Peasants’ professional cooperatives promulgated and implemented under the guidance of Western classical agricultural cooperation theory,the development of peasants’ cooperatives is facing the "dilemma" of how to develop healthily,what principles to follow,how to design the internal system and whether the "cooperative regulation road" is feasible,and the western agricultural cooperation theory is "acclimatized" in China.The historical facts of the emergence,development and evolution of agricultural cooperatives have proved the scientificity of the core of Marxist agricultural cooperation theory.In order to solve the "dilemma",this paper is based on the scientific core of Marxist agricultural cooperation theory,that is,the agricultural division of labor and cooperative production theory under the analytical paradigm of the unity of opposites between productivity and production relations,absorbs the reasonable elements of western agricultural cooperation theory,and puts forward an innovative theoretical analysis framework of production socialization property right socialization management and distribution socialization in combination with the practice of agricultural cooperation in the Soviet Union and China,It also analyzes the property rights,management and distribution system of China’s peasants’ professional cooperatives,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions based on the analysis conclusions,so as to enhance their sustainable development ability,drive farmers to increase their income,improve the efficiency of agricultural production and management,develop agricultural productivity and improve the socialization level of agricultural production,so as to lay a solid material foundation for promoting agricultural and rural modernization,realizing the national strategy of Rural Revitalization and the requirements of common prosperity.The first chapter of this paper is the foreword that includes the study background,significance,definition of object,discrimination and summary of basic concepts,content and framework,methods and innovations.The second chapter is an overview of Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory,including the historical background,thought and practice source of Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory,the main content of Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory,and the innovation and development of Marx and Engels’ agricultural cooperation theory.The third chapter is the comparison between Marxist agricultural cooperation theory and western agricultural cooperation theory,including the comparison of political position,methodology and viewpoint,as well as the reasonable core and historical limitations of Marxist agricultural cooperation theory.The fourth chapter puts forward the practice of agricultural cooperation and the theoretical analysis framework of socialization in major socialist countries,covering agricultural cooperation’s practice in the Soviet Union and China and the theoretical analysis framework of socialization.The fifth chapter is the development status and system analysis of China’s peasants’ professional cooperatives,including the basic situation of the investigated cooperatives,the analysis of property right institutions,administration institutions and allocation institutions,and the summary of problems.The sixth chapter is the research on the innovation and development of Chinese peasants’ professional cooperatives that raises countermoves and recommendations for the innovation and development of peasants’ professional cooperatives.The seventh chapter is the summary and prospect,which reviews the full text and puts forward the shortcomings of the research.Based on field research and questionnaire survey,this paper summarizes the main problems existing in the development of Chinese peasants’ Professional Cooperatives:(1)in reality,the property rights of cooperatives are not clear,and the relationship between rights,responsibilities and interests in the arrangement of property rights system is not clear.(2)The socialization level of land property rights is low.(3)The private ownership of members is not completely separated from the legal person ownership of cooperatives.(4)The internal account records are chaotic,and the equity setting is relatively general.(5)The role of the general assembly is weakened or even in vain.(6)The cooperative law does not require the establishment of a Council,which is easy to lead to the president controlling the cooperative.(7)The construction of the board of supervisors system is slow and extremely irregular.(8)Cooperatives do not pay attention to the extraction of public accumulation.(9)The distribution relationship does not take into account the interests of the owners of technology,management and other elements in the cooperative.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward:(1)the growth orientation of peasants’ professional cooperatives is to meet the needs of the socialization of agricultural production,and constantly carry out the socialization of property rights,management and distribution.(2)The arrangement of property right system should realize the equivalence of rights,responsibilities and interests.(3)Improve the socialization level of land and cooperative property rights to meet the needs of the socialization of agricultural production.(4)Improve the internal account management of cooperatives and clearly define individual property rights,collective property rights and state property rights.(5)Refine the equity setting and fully consider the interests of all parties of the cooperative.(6)Improve the system of member conferences and strengthen the role of member conferences.(7)Improve the council system and implement the system of collective deliberation and collective decision-making of the Council.(8)Promote the construction of the board of supervisors system and establish an independent supervisor system in due time.(9)Regulate the extraction of public accumulation of cooperatives.(10)Design corresponding distribution contents for different equity contents.