Research On Risk Perception,Risk Attitude,and Rural Households’ Withdrawal Willingness Of Homestead

In recent years,the reform of homestead system has become a hot spot in rural reform.One of the goals of the reform is to explore the voluntary paid withdraw mechanism of homestead.The decision-making of homestead withdraw is essentially a process of balancing the interests of farmers.The withdraw of homestead is related to the adjustment of farmers’ fundamental interests and the foundation of settling down.Farmers must consider various risks faced by withdraw.Risk perception(farmers’ subjective feelings of risk)and risk attitude(farmers’ acceptance of risk)are important factors affecting farmers’ risk decision-making.Both of them work together in the decision-making analysis process.Only by combining risk perception and risk attitude can we effectively use risk perception to analyze farmers’ homestead withdraw decisionmaking behavior.In view of this,based on the risk of homestead withdraw,this paper uses 226 survey data of farmers in the suburbs of Tangshan City,Hebei Province to study the impact of risk perception,risk attitude and their interaction on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homestead.Firstly,from the perspective of the function of homestead,the risk of homestead withdraw faced by farmers is divided into three dimensions: security risk,economic risk and psychological risk,and the influence mechanism of the three on the willingness of homestead withdraw is discussed.Secondly,through field research,the Likert scale was used to investigate the farmers’ perception of the risk of the three dimensions of homestead withdraw,and based on the experimental economics method,the multivariate price series design method was used to measure the risk attitude of farmers;then,the multivariate ordered Logistics regression model and hierarchical regression model are used to empirically analyze the impact of risk perception,risk attitude and their interaction on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homestead.Finally,based on the research conclusions,corresponding suggestions are put forward for the formulation of homestead withdrawal policy.The survey results show that the willingness of the sample farmers to withdraw from the homestead is relatively weak,and only 11.50% of the farmers are willing to withdraw from the homestead.From the perspective of risk perception,farmers have a higher overall perception of the risk of homestead withdraw,and 66.37% of the sample farmers believe that there are medium and high risks.Among them,the perception of policy implementation risk is the highest,followed by security risk and economic risk,and the perception of interpersonal emotional risk is the lowest.From the perspective of risk attitude,13.72% of the sample farmers are risk preference,and risk preference farmers are more willing to withdraw from the homestead than risk aversion farmers.Only 4.39%of farmers with medium-high risk perception and risk aversion are willing to withdraw from the homestead.Among the farmers with medium-high risk perception and risk preference,18.18% of them are willing to withdraw from the homestead.Econometric analysis shows that the perception of security risk,economic risk and psychological risk has a significant inhibitory effect on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homestead,and the higher the degree of perception,the stronger the inhibitory effect.Among them,the impact of security risk perception is the most significant,followed by psychological risk perception,and the impact of economic risk perception is the weakest.Risk preference attitude can alleviate the inhibitory effect of risk perception on withdraw intention to a certain extent.Heterogeneity analysis shows that risk preference has the most significant effect on the willingness of middle-income farmers and farmers in the middle and far suburbs to withdraw,and risk-averse farmers pay more attention to the guarantee function of homestead;the higher the income of farmers,the greater the impact of security risk perception on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homestead.Since most farmers avoid risks,the risk of homestead withdraw is an important reason for the low willingness of farmers to withdraw.Based on the research conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations: First,a diversified compensation plan is developed to meet the needs of farmers’ living and social security.Develop a homestead withdraw model that suits the local conditions and people,and provide a variety of homestead withdraw compensation schemes under the principle of ensuring fairness and justice to protect the rights and interests of farmers.Second,establish a risk prevention mechanism to ensure the implementation of compensation funds.Develop a sound and standardized homestead withdraw procedure,open and transparent policies,strengthen policy publicity,guide farmers to correctly assess the risk of homestead withdraw,and weaken the risk perception level of farmers’ homestead withdraw,thereby reducing the worries of farmers’ homestead withdraw.Thirdly,we should improve farmers’ ability to resist risks by increasing non-agricultural employment opportunities and income.By improving the education level and employment skills of farmers,the endogenous development power of farmers is improved,and the ability and confidence of farmers to face risks are enhanced.