Study On The Undergraduate Talent Education Of Agricultural Specialties

With the construction of new socialist countryside as time background, this study discussed thoroughly the undergraduate education issue of agricultural specialties, targeting to the agricultural undergraduate specialty development of higher agricultural universities in China, in replying to two questions: what sort of talents we are educating (that is the education target question); how to educate (that is the education system and education mode question). Under the new vision of the construction of socialist countryside, modern agriculture and the current higher education reform development, the author analyzed the demands for higher agricultural education and undergraduate talent of agricultural specialties in the process of building up new socialist countryside, which is combined with the study on history and reality, home and abroad, micro and macro conditions. The author proposed a scientific orientation of higher agricultural universities in the construction of new socialist countryside, with which as the core some different talent education targets were also established in line with the agricultural undergraduate talent education practice of different higher agricultural universities. Based on the aforementioned study, a multi-dimensional countermeasure for setting agricultural undergraduate talent education system was put forward, which was expected to be offered as practical research reference for undergraduate talent education of higher agricultural universities.This paper started from reviewing the higher agricultural educaiton development in the past century from a historical point, discussed the educaiton target and modes changes of agricultural undergraduates in different historical stages, and analyzed the bases, subjective and objective factors which caused these changes. This study argues that the development of agricultural economics, science and technology are the direct forces to push agricultural undergraduate talents education changes forward, but the macro education policy, especially after 50s in the twentith century, is acting as the core to agricultural undergraduate talent education. The process change of agricultural undergraduate talent education from "educating agronomist" to "educating common labor" and "educating higher agricultural talents" shows that the scientific orientation for agricultural undergraduate talent education is quite crucial for bringing up qualified agricultural talents.This paper analyzed some relevant factors influencing agricultural undergraduate talent education, especially discussed the role of higher agricultural education and the challenges to agricultural undergraduate talent education from the point of building up new socialist countryside and modern agricultural development, probed into the development tendency of higher agricultural education from the angle of higher education reform and higher education development abroad. This paper listed some main problems existing in agricultural undergraduate education after summarizing the orientation of talent education target, specialty and course system setting, practical teaching and humantarian environment construction. This study argues that, under the new era of building up new countryside and modern agricultural development, the demands for agricultural undergraduate talents have been changed. The agricultural undergraduate talent education target should not only be orientated to serve specific traditional agricultural talents, the talent group should be more diversified and more adaptable to various fields which covers each direction of modern agricultural development. The talent education should stress more on the improvement of learners' comprehensive quality, extending of knowledge basis, strengthening of capability education, to cater to personal needs.This paper is based on research on history and background analysis, with the investigation data on agricultural higher universities across the country as refernce, clarifying the development orientation of higher agricultural education in the construction of new socialist countruside, designing and setting the integral direction for agricultural undergraduate talent education, and furthermore advancing the basic characteristics of agricultural undergraduate talents: to bring up some agricultural talents with wide-range knowledges, strong adaptability and combined capabilities, who can suit the change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, with modern agriculture as the background.Based on the clarified basic characeristics of agricultural undergraduate talents, in a further the author searched and designed diversified talent education target. This paper divided the national institutions engaged in agricultural undergraduate education into four groups on the base of talent educaiton target of higher education development: research type agricultural undergraduate education, research-teaching type agricultural undergraduate education, teaching-research type agricultural undergraduate education, teaching type agricultural undergraduate education. The talent education target orientation is classified into four types in line with demands to education object: agricultural scientific research type talent, agricultural extention and application type talent, combined management type talent, agricultural production and practice type talent.Meanwhile, the study stresses that universities could have diversified orientations and education concepts, no matter how they are classified and how the talents education types are classified, and we should stick to rational acknowledgement on education rules and social relations, maintain the higher education essence and university responsibility, and think over the education essence in running universities. We cannot abandon the inspiration and pursuit to the basic needs of human and social essence and inform the students that they could drive the social development forward in spite of what they will do in the future and what kind of talents they would be.Multi-dimensional talent education targets for agricultural undergraduates asks for establishing more effective talent education countermeasures, this study proposed a basic principle of multi-disciplinary, openned and diversification to reform talent education countermeasures; integrating specialty structure in line with different agricultural universities; optimizing courses system and constructing courses system with common education layer course, specialty layer course, personal education layer course and practice education layer as the main frame; emphasizing practice and teaching, building up a "three levels and multi-forms" experiment-teaching contents system and a practice-teaching system with "integration" and "two platforms".