Ethnic Mobilization: Structure, Mechanism And Process Research

Ethnic mobilization as a political phenomenon widely exists in various countries society, westernscholars concern as early as the existence and importance of this phenomenon, the quantity and quality of the research article works continuously increase, and gradually formed four kinds of different research perspective and theory, respectively is:the cultural perspective, reaction from the perspective of family, ethnic and political process from the perspective of competition. To different theoretical perspectives scholars have carried out extensive and in-depth theoretical constructionand demonstration. In this paper, from the view of the western ethnic politics of ethnic mobilization as the research object, research achievements and experience of the Western Ethnic mobilizationtheory, to ethnic mobilization as key research content, from the social change, social structure and social discourse in three aspects of ethnic are demonstrated and analyzed.The article thinks, ethnic mobilization theory not only as concern of the western academia partialmacro analysis of the reasons, should be more deep reason, mechanism and process of ethnic mobilization combination, formed the research frame of a stereo type. First of all, social change is the effect, as the macro background of ethnic mobilization constraints, such as the era of industrialization and information network society times ethnic mobilization way, means, processdifferences exist extensive and huge. Secondly, from the perspective of social structure, a country’s internal political structure is not stable, will aggravate the suspicion, hostility between ethnic groups,the formation of ethnic security dilemma, eventually leading to the mobilization of groups, the of a conflict; ethnic elites and ethnic parties for the existence of groups mobilization, factors and conditions are indispensable. Any ethnic mobilization as a process, must want to have its mobilization, mobilization is the means and skills etc, and seek to maximize their own interests and rational elite or party will take advantage of, even at the cost to "create" ethnic contradiction opportunity, chanting, gather members of a group of supporters, and the other bypopulation, government confrontation, conflict, the realization of the interests and purpose of their own; the implementation of a large number of discriminatory policies in the society, to the discriminated groups, means that the dignity and self lost without the existence of value, thus stimulates the revolt is likely to point to spearhead rebound, they called the initiator of evil-another group or nation, lead to ethnic mobilization and the escalation of the conflict; space environment characteristics of groups lived in groups, provide inherent advantages convenient conditions for theimplementation of ethnic mobilization. Finally, the discourse of this more micro, individual level from the perspective of ethnic mobilization, when group members due to various reasons between thewidespread fear, hatred and resentment psychology, ethnic mobilization is easy to be excited, because with the competitor against conflict is ready to members of a group psychology in ethnic Mobilization Mode; and the skills, effective mobilization of public opinion and elaborate media designcan have a significant effect on ethnic mobilization success, they work together to influence ethnic mobilization scale; from the perspective of individual cultural identity, ethnicity can be mobilized, the precondition of which is as a solidarity group existence, degree of members of the cultural identityethnic groups, ethnic unity determines the degree, but also determines the degree of "free rider",and ultimately determines the success probability of ethnic mobilization.How to treat and evaluate the emergence of ethnic mobilization, of course, specific issues should bethink of, first, ethnic mobilization from the historical background and realistic comparison, can findits rationality and validity, and in a certain degree or boundary within it is easy to understand, this boundary is the national sovereignty and territorial integrity and not segmentation. Once the ethnic mobilization beyond the boundary, then the properties of reversed, its validity and rationality are questioned. Separation and division of the reality of today’s world politics, is not acceptable. Crossout this step, only the legitimacy it ceases to exist, the state through various ways, means intervention will become inevitable.The third chapter mainly discusses the new trend and characteristics of ethnic mobilization. First of all, the emergence of the depth of the global network and new media, because of the characteristics of ethnic mobilization network has become increasingly prominent, how to dredge,management has become a new subject countries need to seriously; second, external interferencedegree of ethnic mobilization of the deepening, this article mainly from three aspects of externalcountries, inter governmental organizations and NGO the organization is discussed.The fourth chapter is the case analysis. This paper selected three cases were Rwanda broadcastethnic mobilization, Quebec ethnic separation movement mobilization and Mexico Zapata sportsnetwork mobilization. Just so the choice of these three cases, this paper argues that they arerepresentational, Rwanda case is representative of the ethnic mobilization in the traditional sense, regardless of the cause or causes of mobilization, mobilization of means, showed the typical case as meaning; ethnic problems in Quebec problem belongs to the category of the western countries,the and the Belgian Flemish and Walloon people, Spain’s Basque separatists, the French Corsicanproblem with analogy, therefore the analysis of Quebec this case also has a representative Mexico Zapata sports seems to belong to ethnic mobilization case in the traditional sense, the subject is a Indian native, but its implications not so far, this case has milepost sense in western academic circles and even can be said to be the event, because it led to the futurepopulation moving members of the development of new trends and characteristics of networkmobilization.The conclusion part. The ethnic political mobilization is generally regarded as a potential nonintegrated forces of modern government, the mobilization of the reasons can be from the nationalinternal political system instability, policy discrimination, relative economic deprivation and members of a group at the meso and micro level psychological structure, cultural identity is analyzed, the macro level can start from the social changes. Ethnic mobilization occurred often in ethnic identityas the core or tools, plus ethnic elites or ethnic parties effective political mobilization to be realized.Ethnic mobilization once occurred, which cause great damage to the order of the state, ethnic relations, economic and social, the Domino effect caused by the May last a long time. So for thenation and the government, constantly seeking to integrate and regulate the effective prevention and control strategies, out of control group of political mobilization, will be a long term process.