| Mining cities play a special and important role in supporting and promoting the growth of national economy. Mining city transformation belongs to a worldwide puzzle. Starting from the current situation and development trend of the mining cities in China and learning from the theoretical development and practical achievements concerning the economic transformation of mining cities at home and abroad, the dissertation summarizes the objective laws of economic and ecological transformation in mining cities. And then, the resource and environmental Carrying capacity of mining cities is measured, followed by the exploration of the reasons for and path of industrial and ecological transformation in the mining cities Hengyang and Chenzhou based on the empirical analysis carried out according to the theories of mining city transformation and the present situation in these two cities. Finally, material flow method is used to systematically select the indexes for a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable development ability during the transformation of mining cities. The theories and methods of system engineering is used throughout the dissertation paying attention to the combination of historical analysis with present situation, of borrowing experience with theoretical innovation and of qualitative description with quantitative analysis. The main research content and innovation points of the dissertation are as follows.The dissertation contains nine chapters. Each chapter tries to be reasonablely linked with the others cohesion. The overall contents include:The first chapter, introduction. This chapter mainly from the research background, significance and methods of description, through a large number of literature reading, to the transformation of mining cities at home and abroad and related problems were summarized, such as the transformation of mining cities, industry transformation of mining cities, ecological city and the resource environmental Carrying capacity, the dissertation introduces the research status and research the foundation of the mining cities. Finally puts forward the research thinking of the thesis and the technical route, and the main innovation points and research are presented in the dissertation.The second chapter, rules and problems of development faced by mining cities. Firstly, there is a discussion about the formation of the city and urban function, the general rule of urban development, on this basis summarizes the measures of urban management. After that defining the mining city, on the basis of predecessors’ research mining cities have given the definition of mining cities which means around an area rich in mineral resources, forming a ore mining, processing, smelting as the main industry of the city. Mining cities are relying on natural endowment of mineral resources elements, through the development and construction of people to form a city of single industrial session. Then analysis the history of mining cities to present the standard definition of mining cities, according to this standard, the national mining cities directory concluded, so mining cities at the prefecture level of Hunan province, includes Hengyang and Chenzhou city. Then in this chapter, mining cities in China are mainly divided into regeneration, growth, and maturity and decline type mining cities. At last of this chapter summed up at present the main problems of mining cities are facing, including the economic structure, social system, ecological destruction and resource constraints problems, etc. At the last of this chapter, the future development trend and the development direction of the mining cities are judged and prospected.The third chapter, analysis and experience of mining cities transformation at home and abroad. This section the main experience of successful transformation of mining cities at home and abroad were reviewed, and put forward to the transformation of mining cities in Hunan province. This chapter mainly selected the overseas Germany Ruhr-coal and iron mining cities, the United States of Pittsburgh-iron mining city, Perth, Australia-gold mining city, domestic Liaoning Fuxin coal mining city, silver and copper mining cities in Gansu, Jiaozuo coal mining cities. Through the transformation of these successful case, this section summarizes the following enlightenment:to avoid mess, which need to build a strong specialized agencies. In resource development is still in the production period and stable period, the mining cities should be using this capital is relatively abundant period began to formulate transformation plan, the development of alternative industries, to gain time and active. Only rely on their own or the local government is impossible to realize their transformation of mining city, must to rely on the province and the central government, especially the special transfer payment of central finance support, to solve the resource-exhausted mining, many problems of urban accumulation. Industry transformation requires a lot of money, rely on the accumulation of the region and the country’s fiscal investment is unrealistic, attracting foreign investment is an efficient way. To improve social reimbursement system promote the labor and employment.The fourth chapter, status quo of development and problems faced by the mining cities in Hunan province. Based on the description of present situation of development and facing problems for mining cities in Hunan province, as a basis for analysis below.This chapter firstly introduces the general situation of the mining cities in Hunan province, from the four aspects to introduce Hengyang and Chenzhou mining city:the mineral resources situation, the general situation of national economy and general agriculture and services, and the ecological environment situation.And then, It points out the problems faced by mining cities of Hunan province, mainly induce economic advantage, local fiscal and financial support, management mechanism and environmental problems.The fifth chapter, analysis of industry transformation in the mining cities in Hunan province. This chapter firstly analyse the economic carrying capacity of mineral resources on Hengyang, chenzhou mining economic zone, which studies the potential for the carrying capacity of land resources and mineral resources and also evaluate the load-Carrying population of land resources.On this basis, this chapter then analysis the industry growth trend, the location and the industrial structure using shift-share method about Hengyang and Chenzhou mining city.Through the historical data of three industrial growth, It is a common rule can be seen from the industrial production change trendcy, the first industry growth rate was stability and slightly down, the second industry growth decline in the proportion, and the third industry growth rate rise trend in Hengyang and Chenzhou mining city. In the main products’location transverse analysis of Hengyang and chenzhou mining city, it can be seen that the raw coal, non-ferrous metal industry location quotient is living in the top two in the two mining cities, the raw coal and non-ferrous metal industry has comparative advantage, from another point of view, coal and nonferrous metal mineral resources all belongs to, it can be seen that the mining is an important industry in Hengyang, chenzhou, its specialization degree is higher also.Using shift-share method to measure of Hengyang, chenzhou future continued industry mainly for ten kinds of non-ferrous metals and power generation industry, thus to better for industry transformation, need to pay more attention to the non-ferrous metals industry and power industry.The sixth chapter, analysis of ecological transformation in the mining cities in Hunan province.This chapter firstly analysis the ecological resources carrying capacity in Hengyang, Chenzhou mining economic zone, environmental carrying capacity was calculated and analysed, and which also evaluate the water resources carrying capacity and the water can withstand most economic scale, the largest population and environment carrying capacity.On the basis of combing the historical evolution of urban spatial structure, the analysis of features of the structure and layout of Hengyang and chenzhou mining city.Hengyang city mainly formed a along the xiangjiang river, south to the north of living the main shaft, and a push from west to east, perpendicular to the living spindle’s comprehensive service functions, presents a "cross" type space form; While chenzhou city to form the urban layout structure of" one body with four wings ". In Hengyang, chenzhou mining area environmental carrying capacity and the layout of urban spatial structure analysis, the dissertation puts forward the path, Hengyang, chenzhou mining city ecological transformation based on the transformation of resource environmental Carrying capacity, guided by the theory of ecological civilization construction, continue to optimize the space layout, the development of green mining, ecological transformation of mining city, accelerate the industrial transformation, development of industrial park.The seventh chapter, comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable development ability of the mining cities in Hunan province during transformation. In order to measure the mining city sustainable development capability, this section use DEA method based on MFA indicator selection.Mining city sustainable development system is a including five subsystems of complex system,like mineral resources, environment, population, economy, society subsystem. In the use of DEA model for regional sustainable development ability evaluation, combined with the material flow analysis, the basic idea of the five subsystems can be divided into the input and output subsystem, and selected key indicators as input and output index.This article selects the six indexes such as investment of fixed assetsthe regional GDP, worker average wage, direct material input (DMI) quality, environmental pollutants emissions (DPO), from personnel of course of whole society.This section firstly use DEA model analysis the sustainable development capability of mining cities in the process of the transformation in hunan province, from 2003 to 2012, mining city sustainable development ability overall trends to increase, and the average overall efficiency increased from 0.555 to 0.998. In order to further analysis in the process of transformation of mining cities in Hunan province sustainable ability evolution, the dissertation use C2R in DEA transverse evaluation studies on the sustainable ability of mining city of Hunan province. Hengyang and chenzhou city sustainable development ability in the process of transformation has risen in a spiral, in 2006, the Hengyang city from the Angle of mining sustainable development is good, then fell into the trough in 2007,2008,2009, is a rebound, in 2010 and a brief slide, after Hengyang city in the process of sustainable development into something; In 2003-2003, chenzhou city sustainable development ability efficiency by gradually transforms the invalid effective,2007,2009, but rebounded, after 2010, chenzhou city sustainable development ability to the good development trend. Followed in this article, the transformation of mining cities in the sustainable development ability to make a comprehensive analysis, from the mining city sustainable development in Hunan province, and Hengyang, chenzhou city sustainable development transverse and longitudinal research it is not hard to see, the sustainable development of mining cities in Hunan province ability is not very ideal, especially in the transformation of the mining, sustainable development ability in the reciprocating. From the horizontal comparison, Hengyang and chenzhou as two different types of mining cities, the sustainable development ability is different, and the development efficiency value change year also differ. In terms of economic structure, the second industry development is slow in Hengyang city, while the second industry developed fast in Chenzhou, As a mining cities, Chenzhou should pay more attention to the development of the second industry, by developing the second industry, industrial development, in order to reduce the reliance on mineral resources, gradually diversify the economy. In terms of environment, Hengyang disadvantage obviously, although the hengyang city government attaches great importance to environmental protection, spend a lot of money to cure environmental problems every year, but by the unique nature of the industry of resources city, pollutant discharge is extremely serious, especially in industrial SO2 emissions, far higher than that of chenzhou, the hengyang city air quality is bad.The eighth chapter, policy suggestions for the transformation of mining cities in Hunan province. Refining and summarizing the research conclusion in this chapter, from themineral resources development and use, economic and ecological transformation level for the transformation of mining cities in Hunan province to provide policy recommendations. It points out the shortage of research papers and the problem need to be improved, and the transformation research of mining cities in the future job prospects.The ninth chapter, conclusions and outlook. This chapter summarizes and concludes the dissertation, making scientific orientation for the future work of mining city transformation. Besides, it points out the deficiencies and problems to be improved, and makes working prospects of mining city transformation.The dissertation mainly considers two transformation directions when studying the problems in mining city transformation:industrial transformation and ecological transformation, which are discussed based on the resource and environmental carrying capacity of mining cities to provide policies and suggestions for the transformation of mining cities in Hunan Province. The dissertation is innovative in the following aspects.1. In terms of the research on industry transformation, there are many domestic researches on the sustainable development of mining city transformation, among which the utilization of location analysis and shift-share analysis to select alternative industries is rarely seen, especially using such analyses to select the alternative industries for the mining cities in Hunan Province. Thus, the dissertation aims at filling the gap in this aspect for further improvement.2. Build the evaluation framework of the sustainable development capacity based on material flow analysis method. The sustainable development ability of mining city transformation in Hunan Province is systematically analyzed and the sustainable development is evaluated based on the DEA calculation and evaluation of MFA. In addition to directly provide a scientific basis for the economic transformation of the mining cities in this region, the research results are also of reference value for the transformation of mining cities in other areas of China.3. From the three aspects of mining cities development and ecological transformation, industry transformation. It provides the corresponding policy recommendations for industry transformation and ecological transformation of mining cities in Hunan provinces.During study, the dissertation adopts a multidisciplinary theoretical perspective, introducing the theories of multiple disciplines like mineral economics, industrial economics, system theory and method and ecological economics for comprehensive analysis. Based on a comprehensive investigation and study, the resource and environment carrying potential of the mining cities Hengyang and Chenzhou is evaluated and analyzed; a quantitative analysis of industrial growth trend, the market location of major industrial products and the planning of alternative industries is carried out; a qualitative analysis of the evolution and characteristics of urban spatial structure is conducted. Finally, theories and practices are systematically analyzed based on basic theories to strive to make the research results close to actual situations. The dissertation combines theoretical analysis with practice applications. Doing research involves many theories and relevant analysis methods are not the same. Besides, it is impossible to try and illustrate all the theories and analysis methods in specific researches and some analyses have certain limitations. The existing research results are expected to provide reference for formulating reasonable polices and paths for the transformation in the mining cities Hengyang and Chenzhou.
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