The Variance Research Of Un-nuclear Tone,Erhua And Qingruzi In Beijing Speech

Un-nuelear tone,Er Hun and Qing Ru Zi are important language phenomena in Beijing speech.Guided by linguistic variation theory,this dissertation describes and analyzes the synchronic variables of un-nuclear tone,Er Hua and Qing Ru Zi from different angels in "the contemporary Beijing spontaneous speech corpus",in which there are 460,000 words. Contemporarily,we also synthetically use theories and methods of descriptive linguistics,social linguistics etc.After comparing this research result with the former research,the changes of these three language phenomena in real time are showed,which validate the research result in apparent time further.This thesis is consisted of seven parts.Introduction we mainly introduced the social and cultural history,which are relevant to the forming of Beijing speech,including the concise developing history of geography,traffic, population etc.Chapter one is the generality It mainly focuses on the characters of Beijing speech,the survey of former research and the research method and theoretical foundations of this paper.The research materials of un-nuclear tone,Er Hua and Qing Ru Zi in apparent time are from "the contemporary Beijing spontaneous speech corpus" investigated by Beijing Language and Culture University in the 1980's.The materials in real time are the published correlative research fruit by scholars.This paper is chiefly guided by linguistic variation theory,and gives attention to synchronic and diachronic aspects.It comprehensively analyzes the un-nuclear tone,Er Hun and Qing Ru Zi in the corpus with the methods of descriptive linguistics and social linguistics.The primary content is consisted of 3 parts.Firstly,it describes the phonetic and lexical features of these three language phenomena in the light of corpus.Secondly,it discusses the variables of these three language phenomena;analyzes the variation mechanism,and forecasts their developing trend.Thirdly,it analyses the linguistic changes in this recent 20 years with comparative method of historical linguistics.Chapter two is un-nutral tone Above all,it simply describes the language features of un-nuclear tone words or syllables appeared in the corpus.Then,it concretely analyses the using situation of these un-nuclear tone words or syllables from the aspects of synchronic variation and diachronic change.First of all,it describes the distribution and mutation rules of the un-nuclear tone words, when they are in different syllable positions,different lexieal structures,different meaning layers, and different frequencies.Secondly,this thesis analyses the distribution of un-nuclear tone words and reduction syllables in different speech communities.With the increase of the educational level and the decrease of the age,people using un-nuclear tone words and reduction syllables are fewer.The manual labors are more than the mental workers and students in using un-nuclear tone words and reduction syllables.Manchu and the people of Hui nationality are more than those of Han nationality.The female are more than the male in using un-nuclear tone words,and less than the male in using reduction syllables.The un-nuclear tone words and reduction syllables begin to attenuate. At last,we compare the linguistic changes of the un-nuclear tone words from 1980's till now, and find that un-nuclear tone begins to attenuate indeed,but it impossibly disappears entirely in a short term.Chapter three is Er Hua Seeing from its current features,synchronic variations and diachronic changes of Er Hua,we particularly discuss the Er Hua words in Beijing speech,the social distribution and evolution rules of the Er Hua rhythms.First,it simply introduces the distribution of Er Hua words when it is in different syllables and word-class.Er Hun rhythm-class system,the divergence and merging situation are also mentioned.Secondly,it analyses the distribution of Er Hun words in different speech community,and the merging situation of four-group Er Hun rhythms.The use of Er Hun words also begins to attenuate, and the attenuation rules of Er Hun words are same with that of un-nuclear tone word.With the increase of the educational level and the decrease of the age,people using Er Hun words are fewer. The manual labors use Er Hua words more than the mental workers and students.Manchu and the people of Hui nationality are more than those of Han nationality.The female are less than the male in using Er Hua words.Although there is merging phenomenon,the majority is divergence in a whole.Merging phenomenon is mostly concentrated in the male,the old,the manual labors and the people with low educational level.At last,we compare and analyze the changes of the 4-group Er Hua rhythms in ten years.Chapter four is Qing Ru Zi It firstly clears up the dissimilar pronunciations of Qing Ru Zi in the corpus,on the basis of which we discuss the synchronic variance and diachronic changes of the Qing Ru Zi with dissimilar pronunciations.First,it reviews the dissimilar pronunciations of Qing Ru Zi,and introduces the tone ascription,the initials and finals mutation and the relationship of the initials and finals.Then,we find that with the increase of the educational level and the decrease of the age people using Qing Ru Zi with dissimilar pronunciations are fewer;as a whole people with high educational level are a little more than those with low educational level;manual labors are more than mental workers; the female are more than the male;and the people of Manchu and Hui nationality are more than those of the Han nationality.Finally,it compares and analyses the 20-year changes on dissimilar pronunciations of part of Qing Ru Zi,for instance,"色","黑".Chapter five are the variation mechanism and the reason of these three language phenomena We synthetically discuss the interior language mechanism and exterior reasons caused these variables.First of all,phonetic reduction is the main reason aroused un-nuclear tone and Er Hun mutation,and un-nuclear tone and Er Hua and character analogy cause the dissimilar pronunciation of Qing Ru Zi.In addition,the social features of the speaker(including age, education,career,and gender),the whole social and cultural background and the people's language psychology also play an important role in these variations and changes of these three language phenomena.Others It clarifies the meaning and method of spoken language research in social linguistics field.