Study On The System Innovation Of Basic Public Services In Rural Areas Under The Goal Of Equalization

Equalization of basic public services is an important institutional basis to protect the people's livelihood. In China's current system of basic public services, there is a drastic contrast and divergence between the urban and rural areas as well as between the eastern and western regions. The very weak and backward pole is in the rural areas. "Basic public service in the rural areas has become an essential factor that affects the city-and-countryside coordinated development, regional coordinated development and economy-and-society coordinated development." Take rural basic public service system construction as a focus and priority to achieve equalization of basic public services has become a all-purpose key to the above-mentioned problems, and it should be an inevitable strategic choice of a rational government. In the context of China's sustainable and steady economic growth and the comprehensive and quick release of demand for basic public services in rural areas, equalization of basic public services turn out to be feasible and necessary.This study takes a comprehensive review of China's basic public service system and its non-equalization phenomenon from the perspective of equalization, make an in-depth analysis of the roots and influencing factors for China's non-equalization of basic public services and explore the reasons for the weakness and backwardness in rural public services .Taking new institutional innovation as a theoretical tool, this study strives to explore the solutions to equalization of basic public services with the system innovation of rural basic public services for backing. For this end, contents of the paper are presented in the following logical sequence. The first chapter briefly describes the research background, significance and present status at home and abroad. On the foundation of the above, the research problems and related concepts are defined and ideas and main contents are explained, research objectives and research methods, innovations and shortcomings are presented. The second chapter elaborates the theoretical basis for the research to need, including the relevant theories in welfare economics, agricultural economics, public economics, new institutional economics, in order to provide a tool for theoretical analysis in the research. Chapter III makes an analysis of the history and current status of China's basic public service system, focusing on the following viewpoints from the theoretical perspective: the biggest problem in China's basic public service system is the horizontal supply inequality between city and countryside, between one region and another; the greatest problem in rural basic public service system of China is the vertical imbalance of supply and demand; horizontal supply inequality is an important reason for vertical non-equilibrium of supply and demand. There is a close causal relationship between the two. The main role of this chapter is to draw forth the problem. Chapter IV conducts empirical research of the non-equalization of Chinese basic public services to illustrate horizontal inequality of basic public services supply concerning people's daily life between the urban and rural areas and that of the basic public services concerning production between regions and the vertical non-equilibrium between supply and demand in rural basic public services through precise statistical data and detailed description of daily life cases. Through this empirical study, this paper reveals the essence of non-equalization of basic public services, which is the weakness and backwardness of basic public services in rural areas. This chapter's main role is to prove the existence and substance of non-equalization, and play a full role of linking the preceding with the following in order to provide support for the post-study of basic public services in rural areas. Chapter V is a logical extension of the fourth chapter, mainly analyzing the roots and influencing factors of the non-equalization of China's basic public services and weakness and backwardness, indicating the roots of non-equalization of basic public services in China lies in the irrationality of the initial institutional arrangements and the lag of institutional innovation in the rural basic public services system since reform and opening up, its affecting factors are the institutional environmental factors and institutional innovational factors. Chapter V plays the role of institutional innovation in rural areas of basic public service system, prescribing an approach to the existing problems. Chapter VI describes the general course and laws of the evolution of the basic public service system in rural areas abroad for the institution innovation of basic public services in rural areas for reference. Chapter VII is the logical end of the paper. On the basis of the previous six chapters, in view of the roots and influencing factors of the non-equalization of basic public services in China, the author puts forward his view points. That is, we should innovate basic public services system in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of basic public services.Through the Arrangements of above sections, this article attempts to present and clarify the following points: First, the non-equalization of basic public services involves horizontal supply inequalities between urban and rural areas, vertical non-equalization of supply and demand between regions. These two aspects, with closely cause-effect relationship, are indivisible; second, people's basic demand for public services is the same. The equalization of supply and demand can be achieved; third, non-equalization of China's basic public services, in essence, lies in the weakness and backwardness of basic public services in rural areas. To achieve the equalization of basic public services, we must take rural basic public services as focus and priority of our work for a breakthrough; Fourth, the root cause for non-equalization of China's basic public services lies in the fact that since reform and opening up China's basic public service system in rural areas has not undergone any substantial institutional innovation; fifth, the key to institutional innovation of rural basic public services is to innovate the Government supply system. To achieve it, we must establish the tripartite responsibility mechanisms between central government, local government and beneficiaries, assuming the "common but differentiated" responsibilities. Meanwhile, we must carry out the cost-sharing mechanisms, combining fixed funding and flexible funding to avoid the trap of equalitarianism, so that the services provided by each of the responsibility entity for its responsible person are equal, and the "added services" provided by different responsibility entities for the same responsible person is infinitely close to equalization relative to its demand.