Study On The Relation Of Contemporary Chinese Inter-Party Leadership

(I)The multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party of China is a basic political system that is set up and perfected after the establishment of New China. In multiparty cooperation, Communist Party of China (CPC for short) is in the leading position, and all the Democratic Parties are subject to its leadership. These have constituted the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, which is the basic relationship of our society and politics in China. Study on the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership is an innovation not only in theory but also in practice of leadership issue, and so is of great value.First, viewing from the prospective of theory value, the research is helpful to develop the scientific theory of leadership. The theory of inter-party leadership is an important part of leadership theory. Since there's no active, direct, definite and fixed relation of inter-party leadership in Western political system, they seldom have any research on the relation of inter-party leadership. In the new period of Chinese Open and Reform, although the relation of inter party leadership has got some attention and there has been some issues researched separately, comprehensive and systematical achievements from the prospective of politics and leadership science are quite limited. Therefore, comprehensive and systematical research on the relation of inter-party leadership from the prospective of leadership science is not only helpful to develop the scientific theory of leadership, but also to set up and perfect the scientific theory of leadership with Chinese characteristics.Second, from the prospective of practice value, the research is helpful to propel the scientific course of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. Although contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership has been set up for half a century, and theoretical and practical researchers have been probing into inter-party leadership theory for years, the practice of leadership depends on experiences to some extent. In the new century and new stage, with the fast development of knowledge, economy, democracy, and information society, new problems keep on bringing out in the new situations. The traditional experience based on leadership is far more insufficient. Therefore, probing into the rules of inter-party leadership actively from the prospective of leadership science is helpful to propel the scientific course of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, which can help to realize the transition from experiences into scientific leadership.Third, from the prospective of practical value, the research is helpful to solve the new problems about contemporary inter-party leadership in the new situations. For example, since CPC and the Democratic Parties are all independent political parties, why do the Democratic Parties have to be led by the CPC? Whether there's a scope of the leadership held by CPC? And if there is, what is it? What is the specific content in such a scope? What position does the interest lie in the relation of inter-party leadership? How to effectively coordinate the interests in inter-party leadership? What are the basic methods of leadership taken by CPC and how to grasp them? Research on such important realistic issues with pertinence is helpful to develop a harmonious relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership and raise the level of multiparty corporation.(II)There are two noduses in the research. On one hand, the relation of inter-party leadership were seldom studied at home and abroad, so there is little achievement which can be directly referred to. On the other hand, the research on the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership is of great political meaning, so it is quite difficult to display its academic nature to avoid a political article. Therefore, the following points have been focused on in the paper:First, the author put focus on the relation of inter-party leadership. The previous research on CPC and the Democratic Parties put focus either on research of CPC that is in the leadership, or on research of the Democratic Parties led by CPC. So there might be some limitation and unilateralism in such papers. This paper developed the project of "the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership", which brought out a concept of "relation" and pay attention to analysis of the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership based on the interactive relation among CPC and Democratic Parties. Here the author put it as the starting point and end-result to set up a harmonious relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. Second, concerning the angle of research, the paper tried to develop the research on the prospective of leadership. That is because the core issue in the project of the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership is "leadership", and previous research were usually developed purely from the prospective of political angle and were quite insufficient.Third, concerning the method of research, the author introduced the method of integration. For example, to integrate the normative research and empirical research, to integrate foreign theories and our actual situations, and to integrate the multidisciplinary knowledge, such as leadership theory, management theory, politics, economics, philosophy, game theory, etc. In this paper, the author systemically analyzed the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership and developed some new points of view.(III)The masterstroke and main content of the paper is as follow:The first part is the reasons for the formation of the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. This is the logical start of the research. Emphasis of the research is the issue of "why to lead", i.e. why does CPC lead the Democratic Parties, but not the Democratic Parties lead CPC. At first, the author analyzed the leadership as a common phenomenon in human society, and divided it into four types: individual leading individual, individual leading the collective, the collective leading individual, and the collective leading the collective. The author developed that the relation of inter-party leadership was the fourth type of leadership. Secondly, from the prospective of relationship between the inter-party leadership and the political party system, the author deemed that only under the multiparty cooperation system can form the relation of inter-party leadership. Then, the Trait Theory of Leadership, etc. were applied to analyze the three essential qualifications that leader must have in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, i.e. attribute, strength and contribution.The second part is the scope and content of the contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. This is the logical development of the research, which focuses on the issue of "leading what", i.e. what is the scope and content of CPC's leadership. In this part, the author applied New Leadership Theory, etc. to expound that the CPC's leadership is political leadership, which consists of political principle, political direction, and important policies. The principal who implement the leadership is CPC Central Committee but not a department, it is the collective but not an individual.The third part is the core issue in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. This is the logical extension of the research, which focuses on the issue of "what kind leadership", i.e. what is the core issue that contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership encircles. In this part, the author applied Game Theory, etc. to expound that interest is the core issue in the relation of inter-party leadership. Further, the author analyzed the interest relation in contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, and its characteristics, such as, close connection, pooling-of-interests, and reliable security, etc. Based on above analysis, the author expounded that three elements were essential for building a harmonious relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. They are the Gains and Losses Associated Theory, correct view of gains and losses, and fit conduction when dealing with the issues concerning interest.The fourth part is the basic method of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. This is a mostly essential section in the research, which focuses on the issue of "how to lead", i.e. how does the leader implement leadership in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. In this part, the author applied the theory of leadership behaviors, etc. and summed up the practical experience of Chinese inter-party leadership. Then the author developed five fundamental methods of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, i.e. democratic consultation, taking the lead in demonstrating, making friends, taking care of interests, and educating & conducting.(IV)The innovations in this paper are as the followings:First, the author didn't succeed the pattern of the Western leadership science, which was developed purely from the prospective of leaders. This paper, however, developed research from the prospective of the relation between the leaders and those being led, and put forward four types of leadership relations, i.e. individual leading individual, individual leading the collective, the collective leading individual, and the collective leading the collective.Second, this paper proposed that the leadership in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership depends on three essential qualifications, i.e. attribute, strength, and contribution. Attribute, namely advanced nature, mainly consists of advanced theory basis, class basis, organization basis, etc. Strength concerns two elements, i.e. hard power and soft power. Contribution refers to the contribution made in Chinese revolution, construction and reform.Third, this paper expounded the scope of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, developed the proposition of how to implement leadership, and then presented that the leaders and those being led in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership are independent in organization, equal before the law, and uninfluenced in action. So, concerning its scope, such leadership is a kind of political leadership, and CPC Central Committee is the principal to implement leadership.Fourth, this paper brought forth Gains and Losses Associated Theory, i.e. in the specific relation of gains and losses in human society. If there's a loss, there must be a gain, and vice versa. Gains and losses are associated with each other, mutual dependent on each other, reciprocal transformed, and supplemented to each other. So we should foster correct view on gains and losses, understand and deal with issues concerning interest correctly in the relation of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership, and erect a kind of harmonious relation of inter-party leadershipFifth, based on above analysis and comparison among all the methods in inter-party leadership practice, the author put forward five fundamental methods of contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership. Particularly, in research on the method of taking care of interests, the paper creatively brought forth the doctrine of three interest demands of Democratic Parties, i.e. material interests, spiritual interests, and political interests, in which political interest is most important.Inevitably, there are some deficiencies shortcomings in this paper. Since the project is very big, and the content involved is very important, the paper just put forward a general frame and some main points of view. In some part, detailed analysis was lack. Further work need to be done in the future to enrich the content, to form a more comprehensive and systematical theory on contemporary Chinese inter-party leadership.