Study On Govermental Leadership From The Viewpoint Of Public Organization

This paper is based on a research project entitled "A Study on governmental leadership and governmental accountability" started in 2004 and jointly financed by the Hunan Provincial Social Science Fund (05YB69) in 2005 and the National Social Science Fund (06BZZ021) in 2006. The author wants to better understand the following questions: what is the scientific meaning "leadership"? How to think about leadership changes? What is the concept of leadership behavior for a governmental organization? What are the patterns and the mechanism of leadership behavior? How to express the government leadership? How to construct an assessment mode concerning the leadership and how to construct an assessment mode concerning leadership? What patterns of leadership behavior and leadership individuality suit different organizations that could help to achieve high leadership efficiency? How to raise governmental leadership to realize its organization target?It is well known that emergence of nations, governments and modern organizations is a historic event and an inevitable choice in which process the human beings pursue orderly living. Appearance of those organizations must be accompanied with organization and management and leadership behavior. So far, the function of organization leadership behavior is becoming more and more important. The leadership behavior occurs either in profit oriented organizations or non-profitable social organizations. According to the leader management theory, government is also an organization. This paper mainly describes leadership behavior in governmental organizations, leadership displayed in a certain known leadership behavior process as individuality and integration of the leader, leadership efficiency to be reached and leadership accountability to be expressed.Study on leadership started from the field of enterprise research in western countries in the 1980s and the focus then was the leadership by individual managers. In the 1990s it was extended to public sphere and the leadership of integrated organizations and leadership managerial teams began to be analyzed. It was also in the 1990s research on leadership was started in China. Chinese scholars began to explore, from different perspective, the principles of leadership and propose different dimensions of the leadership. For either an individual or an organization, the leadership is actually a kind of impact force and is a kind of core ability in the leadership behavior. However, "The leadership is of administrative levels and needs to be broken through and promoted continually" (Refer to James [Leadership] Page VII).The leadership of a governmental organization depends on its behavioral patterns, mechanism and environment. At present the governmental leadership behavior can be classified into the following five patterns: the reform pattern, the integration pattern, the service pattern, the reliability pattern and the sharing pattern. In order to achieve efficiency in these different patterns of governmental leadership behavior, their efficient points must be found, i.e., innovation point, win-win point, demand point, trust point and balance point; In addition effective practices of these five mechanisms must be ensured through innovation mechanism, coordination mechanism, liability mechanism, credence mechanism and harmony mechanism respectively. Only under such a circumstance could the leadership of the governmental organization be promoted and its actual objective and organization targets be reached.Study on the scientific assessment of government leadership is so far very limited though it is a very important topic. The establishment of a series of administrative plans of a governmental organization in public management and all-round exploration of administrative means and their results, the concept of "Not looking up to results too much, but caring for leadership process at the same time" shall be followed and the principles of reality, satisfaction and consistency shall be exerted. Therefore, this paper constitutes a scientific assessment system of the governmental organization leadership and sets transversal and longitudinal, two dimensions, i.e., separately combining the four paths of "Politics, economy, society, culture" and the five dimensions of "Innovation, coordination, liability, credence, harmony" to construct indexes and their weights to assess the governmental organization leadership. These include both hard indexes and soft indexes. The Based on the data from and interviews with governmental organizations, the paper will draw on experts' comprehensive analysis to execute the assessment of government leadership In order to ensure reliability, efficiency and feasibility of the analysis, the author selected the Furong District, Yuhua District and Yuelu District of the Changsha City and the Lusong District of the Zhuzhou City as well as the Yuetang District of the Xiangtan City, totally five district-level governmental organization and citizens to carry out investigation with two sets of questionnaire.At present the Chinese government is pursuing the country's prosperity and is also facing a lot of challenges. Establishing a harmonious leadership is essential for the Chinese leadership to strike a balance between efficiency and equity, between development and stability, and between co-construction and sharing in the transitional period. As a principal actor of social governance, the government must play an important leadership role in the process of shifting from individual leadership toward public leadership, from pursuing public management efficiency toward public leadership efficiency so to undertake political, economic, social and cultural responsibilities. Only by effectively organizing social forces and by raising internal management can the achievement government accountability be raised.