Textbook Selection And Preparation Of Design Theory And Practice

The issue of teaching materials could be traced back to ancient times. Teaching materials were originated in educational activities, while educational activities, by which human being could make a living and pass on their experiences, came from the needs of human being's existence. Teaching materials were a kind of teaching media which came into being and developed at the same time with education and teaching. By and by the teaching media exerting itself by words and action has developed into written materials, and then into textbooks. With the continuous development of modern science and technology, the family of teaching materials regarded as teaching media has been becoming larger and larger, and the textbook is only one of the members in this family, anyhow, it is still considered the most important and fundamental kind of teaching media. Traced back to the history of the curriculum and the textbook, they were closely connected with each other. And still, the textbook is the main instrument to make the curriculum programs and its standards learned and understood. It can not only turn the curriculum aims and its content into the concrete plans with which teachers and students can understand and do what are asked to, but the content and the structure of the textbook also reflect the influence of the society to education and the designers' educational ideals. That is why we should say that the textbook reform is an important part of the curriculum reform.To co-operate on the needs of the on-going curriculum reform, this dissertation will be disserted around the development of the system and the style of the textbook. By recalling the history of the teaching materials the author would like to realize and master the developing law and the future directions of the textbooks and by comparing our current textbooks with the ones of some other countries and areas, the author will try to find out the problems in our current textbooks. Meanwhile, by analyzing the influences of the relevant theories to the textbook in different period of time, the author has put forward some principles on making and designing textbooks in order to make the new generation of the textbook take on a new look in the structure as well as in the latest relevant theories.Based on the above thoughts, this dissertation is composed of three parts: In the first part, it recalls and analyzes the textbook's history and its present situation. There are two chapters in this section. In chapter one by examining the history of textbook development, we realize that the functions and the roles of the textbooks have gradually varied in the process of teaching materials' development, from which we can find out the foundational characters of the change. In the perspective of the history on the curriculum and teaching materials, the textbook has stemmed out of the common books on science and culture, and its objects for which it has served have changed a lot. The law of the change is that the textbook is used to serve the people from the range of all the people who would like to read to the teachers and the students in the school, and then to the students mainly, from which we can see that the objects it has served have become clearer and clearer, and the scope smaller and smaller. To make it clear, we use the concept "generation" to identify the steps of the evolution of textbooks.Strictly speaking, textbooks of the first generation couldn't be called "textbook" although they did play a role of "the teaching book in the school", for it has not beendifferentiated from general works and papers which seemed to serve general people. The second generation is "teacher-orientated", namely, it exerts efforts to meet the needs of the teachers. The third generation, the one we wish to promote, is "student-orientated" one, which highlights the necessity to facilitate the all-round development of students as well as to be helpful for self-reliance learning, and demands the designers to integrate cognitional, emotional and valuable objects into the conte...