Research On Functional Zoning And Spatial Layout Of Coastal Tourism In China

Coastal tourism industry is an essential and important part of marine industry, zooming as an economic growth point of coastal provinces in China nowadays, and it has gradually become the main subject and engine of tourism industry in eastern coastal areas of China. Research on the coastal tourism functional zoning plays vital significance part in many aspects.It not only benefits for the ordered exploitation of coastal tourism recourse, but also for the tourism industrial development and reasonable allocation, at the same it contributes to optimizing and adjusting industrial structure reasonably in coastal area. At present the coastal tourism functional zoning on a national scale hasn't been carried out entirely. Although "Marine Function Divisions of Whole Country" had divided different coastal tourism functional districts in key sea areas and their main tourism functions according to the characteristics and spatial distribution of tourism resources along the coastline, it would not resolve the essence of the coastal tourism functional regionalization. Absorbing the idea and thought of National Main Function Division for reference, the paper makes the theoretical analysis and empirical research on coastal tourism functional regionalization. It primarily takes professional analysis and functional orientation for the tourism development of coastal cities in order to provide the theoretical guidance and division making for the coastal tourism functional zoning and the construction of tourism functional zones.The research area of this paper covers the coastal area in China which is from the north of Yalu port in Liaoning province to south of Beilun port in Guangxi zhuang automonous region, containing 11 provinces in the coastal areas which are Liaonmg, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, As the carrier of coastal tourism industry spatial layout,53 coastal cities is the main subject of the study on tourism functional zoning, and 2007 year is chosen as the base period.Aiming at coastal tourism sustainable development, giving consideration to comprehensive tourism environment factors containing natural ecology and social economy and others, taking overall consideration of marine ecological function and spatial coordination and functional optimization of coastal tourism industry development, in accordance with certain principle and standard, coastal tourism functional zoning divides the coastal area into some different tourism functional zones, clearing and defining area coverage, development goals and functional orientation, and specific development direction and construction measures are put forward. Marine Function Divisions of Whole Country and National Mam Function Division has made a good base for the study on coastal tourism functional zoning, meanwhile the paper pays attention to illumination on its theoretical basis,such as regional differentiation theory, tourism clustering theory, tourism environment carrying capacity theory, regional tourism spatial structure theory and sustainable development theory and so on.At present, for tourism industry development and exploitation layout,it has formed overall allocation and arrangement relying on the development of coastal cities in coastal area of China, In addition, tourism industry prominently appears that it is characteristic of strong associated and relevant industry, and it shows outstanding clustering features, and it is needed to be regionally managed and operated, therefore,53 coastal cities are used as the fundamental spatial units.The paper establishes the index system of coastal tourism functional zoning which consists of tourism resource environment carrying capacity, tourism comprehensive exploitation degree and tourism sustainable development potential, and then applies analytic hierarchy process and Entropy method to ascertain indexes of three zoning indicators respectively, after that discerns a three dimension magic cube map of coastal tourism major function and the result of type identification by using Hierarchical clustering method.classifying and three dimension magic cube method, at the same time,connecting the present and practical situation of coastal tourism industry development in China through modifying and improving properly, ultimately it makes out the functional division involving four concrete main-functional regions, which comprises optimized development area and emphatic development area and guided development area and moderate development area of coastal tourism.Thus,12 coastal cities are classified to optimized development area,17 coastal cities are classified to emphatic development area, and the other 24 coastal cities classified to guided development area, and various nature reserves are classified to moderate development area which are composed of National Nature Reserve, National Marine Nature Reserve, the National Wetland Park, National Water Conservancy Scenic Spot. National Mine Park, World Heritage and national cultural heritage site.Furthermore, according to the regional disparity in the level and speed of tourism economy development as well as tourism resources, Optimized development area could be divided into the two sub-classes which are comprehensive and industry-led, Emphatic development area could be divided into the three sub-classes which are resource-driven, industry-driven and economic-driven, Guided development area also could be divided into the three sub-classes which are resource-guided, industry-guided and economic-guided.On the basis of three major regional structure of the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze Delta, and Pan-Pearl River Delta, according to the regional portfolio of functional areas in different types, tourism development units are divided by adopting grade division standard. There are 4 tourism zones and and 9 tourism sub-zone in the Bohai Rim,which comprises Liaodong Peninsula tourism zone, western bank of Bohai Rim tourism zone, Shandong peninsula tourism zone and Changshan islands tourism zone;there are 4 tourism zones and 6 tourism sub-zones in the Yangtze Delta, which comprises the northern ecotourism zone,central urban tourism zone and the southern resort tourism zone, and there are 4 tourism zones and 7 tourism sub-zones in the Pan-Pearl River Delta, which comprises eastern coastal leisure culture tourism zone,the central coastal culture and urban tourism zone, the western coastal ecotourism and recreational tourism zone,and coastal leisure and holiday tourism zone in Hainan Island.In the light of regional structural characteristics of the various coastal tourism functional zones in China, taking 53 coastal tourism cities as the main part of urban belt in coastal area, 11 provinces as the basis,simultaneously the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, the Pan-Pearl River Delta as the major development framework, the paper constructs the overall spatial pattern of coastal tourism industry. Firstly, "One belt" is the coastal tourism belt that is composed of 53 coastal cities in china's coastal area, connecting with the coastal highway and port and other major transportation hub;Secondly,"Three circles" contain coastal tourism circles of the Bohai Rim and Changjiang Delta areas and the Pearl River Delta separately;Thirdly, "Multi-poles" are coastal tourism growths that are composed of major coastal tourism cities in China.In order to strengthen the construction of coastal tourism functional zones, the optimized development area is needed to be developed stably and rapidly, the emphatic development area must be exploited actively and vigorously, and the guided development area is required be developed timely and promptly, and moderate development area is ensured to be built and constructed orderly and appropriately. Coastal tourism must gradually transit from tourism resource development phase in which coastal tourism develops in the mode of "point driving the area and integration with the point and line,to industrial stage of rapid development which is characteristic of clustering development and overall driving, simultaneously, it is extremely important to boost deeply in order to develop coordinating among different levels of "One belt.Three circles,Multi-poles".Besides, the support systems of tourism traffic and tourism human resources and laws and financial are established. Finally, some measures for the construction of tourism functional zoning and coastal tourism development promptly are put forward, for example, implementing regional control of different functionai zones, deepening an open pattern of coastal tourism development, optimizing the tourism industrial structure of regional coastal tourism, propelling the market to be expanded and promoting the tourism sustainable development and so on.To sum up, the article attempts to build the theoretical framework of coastal tourism functional zoning usefully, and it establishes the classification system of "class-subclass", zoning and grading system of "zone-sub-zone";constructs the overall spatial pattern of coastal tourism industry of the "One belt.Three circles,Multi-poles", providing scientific basis for decision making for the overall exploitation of coastal tourism and the comprehensive development of tourism industry in China.