An Analysis Of The Historical Gradual Progress On Chinese Academician System And Enlightenment

Academician of natural sciences and engineering sciences represents the highest academic honor, which is the product of natural science and technology development, but also the inevitable result of academician system’s development and growth. During the history of academician development in the West, the establishment of National research institutions and academician system related to the development of scientific institutionalization. Chinese academician system is the result of transplanting the West, and its development has experienced a long and tortuous process.With the deepening of the Western missionaries’activities and the nature of the conflict between Chinese and Western culture, Chinese society formed a "Western Learning" trend. In the process of cultural exchange with the West, and China gradually began a preliminary understanding of the academician system. The main cognitive activities are the seventeenth-century’s missionaries, Westernization Movement’s enlightened officials and confucian scholars, the New Culture Movement’s returned students.The germination and development of the scientific community of the late Qing Dynasty, have laid a solid foundation for the establishment of academician system of the Academia Sinica and member system of Beiping Research Institute. In 1948, academician system of the Academia Sinica was officially established and voted 81 academicians. In the same year, member system of Beiping Research Institute was established and voted 90 members. This marks that the Chinese modern academic institutionalization drived to maturity, and the establishment of National academic system which keeping academicians as the mainstay. After the founding of New China, the academician system due to the political environment, academic foundation and other factors, the development had gone through many twists and setbacks. In 1955, the Chinese Academy of Sciences chose to establish the faculty member system, and suspended the establishment of the academician system. Thereafter in 1993, with the establishment of Chinese Academy of Engineering, the academician system of prevailing in the world for hundreds of years finally had restored and reconstructed.This thesis mainly put the historical evolution of research institutions as the carrier, which have a distinctive Chinese characteristics. For example? the Academia Sinica, the Beiping Research Institute and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. And expound the evolution of the academy system. The thesis also analyzes the intellectuals as missionaries, returned students, faculty members and academician, which inherit science and technology. In addition, the paper’s data analysis have put great emphasis on the academicians of CAS, which including three parts:region, age and education. The paper tried to analyze the evolution of the characteristic of the academician system, and proposed some enlightenment.