| Industrialization and urbanization is the necessary constitutes of modernization for a country. The process of industrialization and urbanization in China since the reform and opining-up in 1978 is very fast. Millions of rural labors have transferred into the factory and service industry, which happens with rapid farmland conversion. Nevertheless, from the special relationship between population and land in China, the speed of rural labor transfer is much lower than it should be as compared with the speed of farmland conversion. How to deal with the quantitative relationship between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion has become the key for China's sustainable development, which means keeping moving more rural labor out of agriculture and holding down the speed of farmland conversion.Until this time, there are a lot of researches about rural labor transfer or farmland conversion, but less researcher have studied the quantity relationship between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion at the same time, and even much less researchers have paid attention to how to harmonize rural labor transfer and farmland conversion for a developing country. Less econometric methods have been employed to study the effects of governmental behavior on rural labor transfer and farmland conversion. Most of studies on the driving forces for rural labor transfer and farmland conversion are isolated, scattered and unsymmetrical. There is hardly any research about the dynamic changes of those driving forces. And the polices for farmland protection and rural labor transfer are always divided completely and unfeasible, which caused that the objectives of harmony development of urban and rural, population and land have far been fulfilled.Rural labor transfer and farmland conversion are phenomena in every country. Though the background of rural labor transfer and farmland conversion in many countries are different from that of China, there are something common for any country and useful for China. The thesis starts with summarizing of the experience, lessons, policies for representative countries and areas during fast economic development progress. Then the thesis reviewed the progress of rural labor transfer arid farmland conversion in China since 1978 to 2004, which applies a base for the measurement of degree of harmonization between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion.To judge the degree of harmonization between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion in China, the thesis occupied the method of comprehensive index on the base of theoretical analysis on the essence of harmony relation between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion for different developing periods. The results of computation show that the relationship between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion since 1978 was good as a whole with some fluctuating. According to the degree of harmonization between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion, development can be divided into four periods. In the first period, 1985 to 1988, the degree of.harmonization rises slowly. In the second period, 1989 to 1991, the degree of harmonization fluctuates. In the third period, 1992 to 1996, the degree of harmonization stables. In the latest period, 1997 to 2004, the degree of harmonization decreases slowly.On the basis of measurement of the degree of harmonization between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion, the thesis studies the factors in economy, social environment, institutions and richness of natural resources which might have any effects on the relation between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion. A econometric model is applied to test those potential effects. The results of regression show that the growth of fixed capital investment have a positive effect on the degree of harmonization, the upgrading of ratio of non-agricultural industries has a negative effect on the degree of harmonization, the disparity of income per capita in urban and rural residents has a negative effect on the degree of harmonization. At the same time, the coefficient of the dummy variable for employment policy since 1992 is significant at the level of five percent, which means that the abandonment of the policy of population isolation contributes much to the harmonization of rural labor transfer and farmland conversion. The coefficient of the dummy variable for farmland protection policy since 1997 is significant at the level of ten percent, which means that land protecting is rewarding for China under the ground that farmland loss to fast in the process of industrialization and urbanization.Through above analysis, the thesis comes to these conclusions.1. Both rural labor transfer and farmland conversion are the inherent needs for economic development, and sustainable development requires that the quantitative relationship between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion should be harmonized. 2. The methodology of degree of harmonization on the theory of system could be applied to analyze and judge weather the quantitative relationship between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion is good, which is much useful for policy making.3. At the period of fast economic growth, the growth of fixed capital investment has a positive effect on the degree of harmonization between rural labor transfer and farmland conversion, upgrading of industrial structure has a negative effect on the degree of harmonization, the disparity of income per capita in urban and rural households has a negative effect on the degree of harmonization.4. The market oriented institution transitions, abandonment of the policy of population isolation, farmland protection have contributed much to the harmonization of rural labor transfer and farmland conversion.Based on the results and conclusions, the thesis puts forward some suggestion about how to harmonization more, which include releasing appropriate farmland for urban construction and pulling more rural labor into urban areas, deepening the market oriented reform for labor force and land use et al.
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