Study On Environmental Impact Assessment Of Land Development And Consolidation Plan

Decision of The Third Central Committee plenary meeting in the seventeenth National People's Congress of the Communist Party of China, requires that we should adhere to the most stringent farmland protection system, keep the bottom limitation on the 1.8 billion acres of cropland, and look at the future of our country scientificly from the macro-development strategy of China, which also make the non-rational approach in the process of urbanization and industrialization return to rationality. However, "development is the last word" and the founding principles that we persist in taking economic construction as the center since 30 years determine the inevitability of farmland occupied for construction. Of course to achieve the balance of occupying and supplement of farmland, development, consolidation and reclamation of land is the most effective way. Different ways and process of development consolidation will produce greater different impact on the land environment, so rational planning of regional development and consolidation is of great significance.In some areas of our country land development and consolidation works place one-sided emphasis on increasing farmland area, but neglect the long-term economic and environmental benefits and the development and conservation of the ecological diversity and landscape, which cause a certain degree of damage to the natural environment, socio-economic and eco-environment after the land consolidation and thereby threaten the sustainable land use and socio-economic sustainable development. Therefore, it is very important to carry out research on the environmental impact assessment of land development and consolidation plan.The work of land development and consolidation in our country has just begun, the theory study on environmental impact assessment of planning for land development and consolidation is blank, and there is no precedent about the evaluation of specific methods, indicators and model system. Based on the concept of environmental impact assessment of the land development and consolidation, and drawing on new methods and new theory of environmental impact assessment of international environmental science, ecological science, economic science, social science and so on, we are planning to the basic theory of environmental impact for land development and consolidation, which will provide new ways of thinking for environmental management and be of great theoretical and practical significance.In this paper, we will conduct in-depth discussions about the methods of the environmental impact evaluation of the land development and consolidation plan, and draw on four conclusions as follows:(1) Environmental impact assessment of land development and consolidation plan can program the pre-assessment of the overall efficiency of the land development and consolidation project in the early stages of the planning, which can minimize the adverse effects on the environment of each item from the source, consider the environmental hysteresis effect, stacking effect, the cumulative effect and the combined effect of Land Development and Consolidation Project from the overall situation of the natural, social, economic and environmental construction of the region, and analysis comprehensively the combined environmental effects of the various options, so as to carry out the preferred alternative and propose the measures to improve plan and eliminate adverse environmental impacts. On the basis of analysis, evaluation and prediction of environmental state and environmental developmental plan in the plan region, we propose the measures to eliminate, mitigate and avoid adverse environmental impact and even the alternatives for the extent and scale of the potential environmental impacts of the plan, to ensure the sustainable development of land development and consolidation activities. According to forecast results of environmental impact assessment of the plan, land management departments can optimize and adjust the plan, propose targeted land management measures to potential adverse environmental impact, and improve science and rationality of land development and consolidation plan, to make it become the sustainable development plan.(2) Land development and consolidation is the transformation of land-use systems. Features-structure of systems demands human to improve land use structure, optimize land system, continuously improve the efficiency of land use and increase land-use efficiency. Considerable control require that land use system should be divided into to its natural, economic and social stratification research subsystem in the study of complex land use systems. The theory of sustainable development requires that environmental impact assessment of plan should measure Sustainability of strategy from the perspective of the change of environmental impact, and to the Sustainability which is not predictable, we can propose mitigatal and the remedial measures, or even the alternatives in line with the requirements of sustainable development to provide environmental basis for the eventual implementation of a strategic decision. Theory of environmental value requires that land development and consolidation should focus on the effectiveness and scarcity of resources, so the future value of resources should be estimated through the market. The impact which land development and consolidation has on regional landscape pattern can evaluate spatial heterogeneity of the landscape pattern and the evolution, time heterogeneity, of landscape pattern with the ecological landscape theory.(3) In the theory of environmental impact assessment of land development and consolidation plan, the paper establish methods of comprehensive evaluation and analysis Scenarios, and give their different assessment indicators and evaluation content. Comprehensive evaluation method which is based on selection principle of evaluation indicators, selects 69 indicators about regional natural, social and economic environment, on the basis establish scientific screening process to select 15 indicators which are the most influential to the regional planning of land management and consolidation, establish a three evaluation index system, then form the theoretical system of comprehensive environmental impact assessment of land development and consolidation plan.Method of Scenarios Analysis uses Scenarios Analysis and land use theory, regards patch richness as an index, land use classification as basis, establishes weight of indicators of different types in different land use classification, establishes eco-environmental impact assessment theory of land management and consolidation plan in the state of land-use classification purely from the the perspective of the ecological environment.(4) The results of examples shows that land consolidation planning can increase the comprehensive value of regional environmental effects. The value of the combined effect of the environment of South Jiangsu Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Rudong and Lianshui Subei County in 2010, is 11.005%,8.251% and 6.394% higher than in 2000.That shows that the land consolidation plan of areas develop more quickly and the overall effect is better. The result is that the value of the ecological environment effect of Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Rudong and Subei County Lianshui by 2010 dropped by 0.70147%, 0.00866%,0.95415% than in 2000 and the value of disturbing effect of environmental by 2010 dropped by 1.81253%,2.76524%,1.53647% than in 2000 and the value of nature effect of environmental by 2010 dropped by 1.11106%,2.75658%,0.58232% than in 2000. Therefore, we believe that land development and consolidation plan has a two-sided impact on the environment.From the regional comprehensive benefits point of view, whether it is the areas with rapid development, such as in Zhangjiagang City of Jiangsu Province, or the areas with development of the relatively weak,as Lianshui Rudong county, comprehensive benefits of land has improved after land development and consolidation, of which the south of Jiangsu Province grows fastest. However, the eco-environmental effects through methodology Scenarios Analysis is not necessary, and the results is very different from the former, in which the fastest decline in Rudong, Zhangjiagang City, followed by, once again is Lianshui County. The reason is that:The rationality of land development and consolidation plan will vary with the goal of regional development. In our country where economic development is the major objective, land development and consolidation plan is prepared to achieve the balance of farmland, it is a passive process, and it is difficult to taken into account from the long-term ecological environmental benefits. Thus, in assessing its overall benefits of regional environmental point of view, the plan seems to be reasonable. However, from the point of ecological environment, the plan lays more emphasis on the same amount of arable land, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of arable land rather, which is a passive process, so it is difficult on the long-term mechanism of the ecological environment to be taken into account. Eco-environmental quality is declining, then plan is embodied irrationality from the point of ecological environment. Comprehensive evaluation need the overall environmental effects of the region, including economic, social, ecological effects, etc. From the regional development perspective, the results of the evaluation is largely influenced by economic development, especially the economic environment. Scenarios Analysis explores the land development and consolidation effects on the environment from aesthetic point of view, which is purely ecological objectives, and therefore more purely reflect the ecological effects. Thus, the decline is a normal.From the results, the largest increases of integrated environmental effect is in Zhangjiagang City, followed by Rudong, again is Lianshui County. This shows that the land development and consolidation plan is more conducive to economic growth in developed regions. The results of scenarios analysis shows that the largest change of the ecological effects are not the regions developing fast and slowly, but the midland of Jiangsu. In other words, purely from the perspective of eco-efficiency point of view, areas in the midland of Jiangsu are least suitable for development and consolidation. In contrast, the land development and consolidation in relatively backward areas has smaller destruction to its ecological environment.