Citizen Participation In Major Natural Disasters Of Public Crisis Governance

With the evolution of human society from industrial society to post-industrial society (information society), the risks being faced by human beings are suddenly increaseing and enlarging by a global communication network. This is the reality of the global risk society. With the deepening of China’s reform and opening-up, China is also being deeply involved in the global risk society. Facing the various public crises, governments all over the world are to take responsibility for them. However, it is the limitations of the traditional bureaucratic system that stretch the government’s public crisis management powerless. Fortunately, in the 20th 80-90s, accompanied with global risk society, the global civil society was coming; the idea of which is not only a liberating thought, but is a democratic concept that everyone has rights to participate in public transaction management. The rise of global civil society provides the basis and possibility which makes human’s public affairs management from a single center’s government management to cooperation governance between government and society participation.If standing the perspective of interactions between government and citizens, particularly examine Chinese public crisis management with the governance theory as the main theoretical tool, we will find that more than 30 years of reform and opening up of China, not only is creating a more and more stronger civil society with citizens participate, but also the trend of the public affairs management system reform of government toward democratization, decentralization, and also encouraging grassroots autonomy and participation. For the changed realities in China, whether introducing the governance theory into public crisis management of our government not only is an important theoretical problem, but an unavoidable practice problem. As a special public affairs management, public crisis management with the nature of sudden, urgency, uncertainty, and harm. However, it also has the fundamentally public nature. Public affairs should be the cause of citizen participation. Furthermore, with the development trend of the normalization and frequence of public crisis, citizen participation in public crisis management is absolutely necessary and feasible. Therefore, from the ways of the politics, management and the rule of law, this paper discusses some important values of citizens participate in public crisis governance of major natural disasters. However, faced the situation of a late start, hobbled civic participation development in public crisis management, the paper mainly uses classification and comparative analysis to point out major problems of citizen participation in public crisis governance at this stage: Compared with Western countries, in the current underdevelopment of civil society environment, interaction between government and citizens has such problems as follows: frequency of interaction is not high, validity is not good, channels is narrow, depth is not enough , and other prominent issues. In particular in: citizen participation of the initiative and consciousness less , rational citizen participation and level of rule of law are low , must enhance the skills of civic participation, civic participation lower the degree of organization, citizen participation inherent lack of public nature, citizen participation in the follow-up of fatigue, not enough interaction between government and citizens. The causes of these problems both have the government level, but also citizens of their own reasons; both the existing economic system-level factors, but also political and cultural dimensions of traditional deep-seated reasons.Ask questions, analyze problems is in order to solve the problem. For China, can we through the system construction take public nature as an opportunity germinated in snow disaster in early 2008 and May’s Wenchuan earthquake, change the "crises" into a "chance", so that the behavior of our citizens participate in government public crisis governance may becom rational, order and mechanismic? In fact, this is the possibility issue for citizen participate in public crisis management.Our answer is yes.Therefore, this article first proposes methodology for citizen participation in government public crisis management system, and then analyses the institutional environment for the spirit of civic engagement formation, and finally puts forward some specific paths: Citizen participation to expand the scope of the institutional landscape; to reshape the public crisis management organizations by a large sector reform as an opportunity; the main institutional jump of citizen participation organization: from weak to strong organization participation;the institutional promotion of orderly citizen participating in a major disaster of public crisis management: Implementating accountability of citizen participation in a major disaster, improvong the education system of citizen participation, promoting the mobilization mechanism scientific, promoting the communication mechanism statutory, and constructing the stitutionalized participation mechanisms of volunteers and civic organizations. In short, with the development of civil society, the citizen participation in government public crisis management is bound to have another process from quantitative to qualitative change. In this process, it is a key ring that the party and the government are actively promoting citizen participation in China public crisis governance of major natural disastersin to mature faster.