| Social security system, as a social stabilizer, plays a very important role in adjusting the social income distribution, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining social fairness and justice. Because of our vast territory, there exists extreme imbalances in regional economic development, big differences in regional economic level, as well as the disparity of inter provincial and regional social security level, which indicates "imbalance" phenomenon. It is of theoretical and practical significance to study the regional differences of social security level and its influence factors on improving the social security system in China. Since the 30 years’ sustained rapid economy development upon the reform and opening up, social wealth has increased dramatically. Nevertheless, the income gap has expanded at the same time between urban and rural areas, and different regions and groups. All kinds of social contradictions are centrally reflected in the fairness of the adjustment of interest relations. The 18th party congress reports put forward that social security system should focus on enhancing the fairness, adapting to the mobility and ensuring sustainability, which indicates the social security system will play a greater role in the maintenance of social justice in the following years, and become the future basic lever to adjust the rational distribution of social wealth. However, what is the connotation of social security level? What is the harmonious relationship between the level of social security and regional development? Is the social security level high in the region of high economic development, and low security level in the low economic region? What are the factors affecting the social security level? What kind of relationship exists between regional social security levels? In addition, the result led to by government increasing social spending simply in the "quantity" often contains many uncertainties, though it is the key to solve the "imbalance" to increase the supply of social security by improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure. In order to clarify the above problems, it is necessary to carry out a comparative study of the social security and the economic development level from the regional dimension, to provides factor reference and basis for establishing and improving the social security system consistent with the development level in the same area.This paper is to study the differences of social security level and the influence factors between provinces and regions in the perspective of regional differences. The research is carried on two main lines, including the research of the social security level and the input and output level, and the regional difference of social security level. Finally, this serves for establishing the social security policy under the condition of regional difference, through connecting the influencing factors analysis that affect the social security policy. Research method in this paper is mainly literature research and social economic data analysis to define and explain related concepts of social security and social security level theoretically, as well as analyze and determine the situation of the social security level in our country. Meanwhile, we take the qualitative analysis method to analyze and summarize related theory on the social security level evaluation and influencing factors, then it is reasonably abstracted and the mathematical statistics analysis method and space research difference method in spatial economics and geography are introduced to quantitatively evaluate the level of social security, analyze the regional difference and spatial and temporal characters.First of all, the paper carries on the theory of social security level and related content. In terms of foreign literature, we mainly summarizes the quantitative analysis method that foreign uses to study, and explore the differences of social security system and its relationship with various factors through the study of the various factors that affect the social security level. While in the domestic research, we focus on studies and comments on social security level connotation, theories of social security level and economy effect, regional differences and regional research, social security level empirical research, social security comparison research of social security area, etc and put forward problems and research prospects.Subsequently, this paper put forward that the social security level includes overall level of the social security and social security input and output efficiency levels on the basis of the system rearrangement for the concept of social security, the connotation of the social security level and the social security moderate level theory, and construct the framework system under the guidance of fairness theory and regional non balanced development theory. In terms of social security level evaluation and measurement, this paper constructs the evaluation index system based on the level of urban and rural social security and present situation and characteristics on coupling of social security and economic and then uses principal component foundation analysis method to carry on the comprehensive evaluation. According to that we analyze the factors that affect the development level of social security.In the input-output efficiency level, this paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and inter provincial panel data to evaluate China’s provincial and regional social security input-output efficiency levels, from "impact degree evaluation of regional economic development on social security "and" evaluation of social security expenditure and social security output effect". Also the Tobit model is adopted to analyze the factors on the effect of social security financial input and output efficiency. The above two parts mainly study what the difference between the overall level of social security and the level of efficiency is and what the impact factors are from the perspective of provincial and regional comparative study of social security level.In the aspects of the social security area difference, the overall difference is divided into five parts using Theil index, including regional differences in the East, in the West, in the Middle, and differences in regions and between regions. Through the Gini coefficient social security expenditure difference is decomposed to six elements:fiscal spending on social security and five social insurance spending (including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance), calculating respectively influence of differences of each element on the total social security difference. Finally, the spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of social security level are studied by using the spatial data analysis (ESDA) model of spatial economics and geography, mainly to solve the regional difference trend, affecting factors, the main characteristics and mutual relations and other issues of social security level.This paper mainly concludes that current social security is still in a relatively low level, the level of social security is not balanced in the eastern, middle and western region, and the "fragmentation" of social security developing level is striking. Finance for social security investment is in quite low level in our country, which is unable to meet local demand for social security in most provinces, and the scale of investment in social security does not increase the local social security coverage in overwhelming majority of provinces, while the utilization efficiency of Finance on the social security input is not invalid enough to expand social security coverage in most provinces. The overall level of social security difference is divided into five parts using Theil index, including regional differences in the East, in the West, in the Middle, and differences in regions and between regions, indicating that social security system differences trend goes down overall in 6 years, and the differences in the three region is mainly caused by the differences in the eastern region. Social security expenditure variance is decomposed to six elements through the Gini coefficient, which indicates that eastern regional differences is most prominent in three regional disparity, fiscal spending differences on social security is obvious in regions, and social insurance fund differences is more prominent between regions. Besides, social security level shows different characteristics in three dimensions and a certain aggregation in the spatial difference. Finally, on the basis of the summary of regional social security level differences and the causes, this paper proposes suggestions that we improve the policy of economic, fiscal, tax, monetary matching with social security system under the current situation of the regional social security level differences. |
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