Study On Setting Of Chinese Government Disaster Relief Projects And Standard From The Perspective Of Comprehensive Demographic Vulnerability

Research Background:Environmental security has been recognized as a global concern. However, along with industrialization and modernization, human beings have long been exploiting natural resources, which results in the deterioration of global environment and unprecedented threat to ecological and demographic security. Natural disasters, as a part of ecological problem, have challenged both national even international securities.Research Objectives:The research aims to evaluate the quality of government disaster assistance and find out the problems existing in projects and standards design and implementation; Then review the disaster assistance design in a certain developed countries and regions to benefit the construction of that in China; Next calculate the comprehensive social vulnerability and demographic vulnerability at the regional level and exhibit the geographic distribution; Finally make tentative policy recommendations.Research Data and Methodologies:International and national data are applied in the research. International data come from International Natural Disaster Database (EM-DAT) and Swiss Re-insurance Company. National data derive from census and official websites.As for research methodologies, it covers discipline and concrete research methods. Discipline research methods include Non-traditional Security and Administration Science methods; Concrete research methods include literature analysis, comparative study and quantitative method.Research Results:1. China has stepped into "High-risk Society" and natural disasters have been a normalization, which brings up new demands for public crisis management. High frequency of natural disasters is a part of "High-risk Society"which reflects in the increase of total risk, change of risk structure and uncertainty of risk results. Public crisis management in terms of natural disasters emphasizes comprehensive risk management.2. The government, as the maintainer of public interest, plays a leading role in natural disaster relief and assistance. However problems existing in government assistance cannot be ignored. There is a random way of relief projects and standard setting, with no consideration of specific demographic characteristics, especially vulnerable population.3. There is a detailed projects design and standard setting of government in some western countries and regions according to different demographics, which sets good examples for China.4. Comprehensive social vulnerability at the regional level shows imbalance, of which comprehensive demographic vulnerability is high in east and low in west.Research Conclusions and Policy Recommendations:1. Capability and amounts of Chinese government disaster assistance is far from being satisfactory, especially its design for targeted vulnerable population.2. It is of great necessity for the government to take comprehensive demographic vulnerability into consideration of natural disaster assistance to ensure policy fairness.3. Set up dynamic adjustment mechanism of government natural disaster assistance to guarantee the diversity and individuality of its design and standard.4. Carry out disaster education and reduction to diminish comprehensive social vulnerability. Change the belief of "Disaster relief first, Prevention second".5. Establish multi-subject disaster relief system and catastrophe insurance system to ensure the national public security.