| In an era of knowledge, personal is becoming the critical resource of economic growth and social development. The growth of the personnel needs good education, especially higher education. In the meanwhile, education needs certain amount of teaching infrastructure and knowledge environment, and institutions of higher education are integrants of personnel cultivation and knowledge impartment, which are characterized by accumulated knowledge impartment, research and academic creation. The institutions of higher learning cluster is such a alliance system of multi-level, multi-dimension that devote to accumulated and experienced knowledge impartment The cluster of institutions of higher education that based on knowledge alliance of geographical and spatial conglomeration is playing an increasing important role in knowledge imparting and dissemination, academic research and innovation, as well as resource sharing and personnel cultivation.The cluster of institutions of higher education is trend and phenomenon that institutions of higher education in particular areas of specific city centralize their construction and development, which is one of the important phenomenon in the development of higher education in today's world, especially in the western developed countries in Europe and America. For example, American east cities comprised mainly of New York, Philadelphia, Boston cover almost 1/3 in one hundred most outstanding universities in America, and the ring of California cities comprised mainly of Los-Angeles and San Francisco covers more than 10 most outstanding universities in America. In London, the capital city of UK and the towns around it, have gathered many would famous universities, such as University of London, Imperial College London, the Economics and Political Science School of London, University of Cambridge and University of Oxford.Just like the rising of industrial cluster in economics is the corner stone for the development of regional economic growth, the cluster of institutions of higher education throughout the world, the cluster of institutions of higher education after expansion in higher education in our country, especially the impact that the cluster of institutions of higher education such as university town, vocational education city and higher education park has played, attracts wide spread attention. The cities that the institutions of higher education centralized are all well developed and the talents gathering areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Guangzhou etc. Even Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan and other emerging developed cities, also benefited from the many inland cities, such as Wuhan, Xi'an, Chengdu etc, in which a large number of higher school graduates go to south areas to look for their dreams and future. The above well-developed cities that have formed the clu.ver of institutions of higher education, are also the places with well-educated talented, advanced technology and strong economic power. For example, the cluster of institutions of higher education in Haidian District, comprised of Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beihang University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Normal University and Renmin University of China etc, has formed Zhongguancun, a talented and technology dense area, which provides strong talented, knowledge and technology support for the development of Beijing city, even for the development of the whole country.Just as the affect produced by industrial cluster, the cluster of the institutions of higher education is the aggregation based on spatial relationship, which will benefit extensive teachers and students in the institutions of higher education to share resources, to learn from one another and to collaborative innovate. These universities will also shape a tendency, that is, to develop in the competition, to increase in mutual reference and competition, to complement in each advantages and characteristics. Just as the industrial cluster is the cornerstone of the regional economic growth and development, with the increasing enrollment of the institutions of higher education, especially with the development of local institutions of higher education, the spatial relationship in university town, vocational education city and Higher Education Park are have gained widely attention.There are three modes of the clusters of institutions of higher education, natural evolution, government planning and adjustment, and the mixed mode of natural evolution and government planning and adjustment. The first mode is common in early days of the establishment of the universities, which usually occurs in the political, economic and cultural center, such as Beijing, Haidian and Wuchang. Why the clusters have happened in these areas? there are mainly three reasons, namely the convenience in traffic and resource, the facilitation in management, and the advantage in the talented aggregation. The government make regulation because the structure shape from the nature evolution cannot meet the demand of the country's development the people's need. For example, some researchers have analyzed from the perspective of industrial development that the cluster of the institutions of higher education will emerge external effect, competition effect, cultural effect and spillover effect. So, some of the big cities have centralize certain institutions of higher education to specific areas, such as, Beijing emphasizes the construction of Shahe higher education Park in Changping district, Guangzhou emphasizes the construction of Xiaoguwei Island campus city, and Guiyang City emphasizes the construction of Dangwu campus city in Huaxi district. The mixed mode of natural evolution and the government planning implement in specific areas in certain cities, these places are areas of institutions of higher education essentially, and some other institutions of higher education enter later on. For example, In Guiyang there are essentially several institutions of higher education in Huaxi area of Guiyang City in Guizhou Province, such as Guizhou University and Guizhou National University, later on, some other universities and colleagues enter into this campus city of Huaix under government's regulation, such as Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Institute of Light Industry etc. In a word, similar as the industrial cluster, the specific industrial cluster and other no-economical cluster in other specific social organizations, the cluster of the institutions of higher education has three kinds of tendency.In the era of knowledge and economy, we need to innovate knowledge, technology, even the ideas, this task can only complete in the institutions of higher education by training the talent systematically. The cluster is a combination of the talent, knowledge and skills training, which is convenient for sharing, communicating and spreading knowledge, as well as promote the optimization of the cultivation for the talented, centralization of the regional talented, and the effective development and growth of the regional economic. The cultivation of innovative talents is a complicated systematic project, and the cluster of the institutions of higher education, as the aggregation consist of numerous high intelligence, high fitness, high-quality personnel, benefits for the spreading of knowledge, innovation and application of technology, thereby make it easier to cultivate potential talented, and to create more scientific and research achievements. Therefore, the cluster of the institutions of higher education is good for the sharing and communicating of knowledge and resources, which make it possible for different schools and different qualified person to communicate effectively, to promote innovation of new knowledge, thus produce extensive economic benefits and achieve substantial economic effect. All of these worth further exploration and research, so as to promote the cultivation of innovative talents, and to advance the growth and development of the economic in China more effectively. |
PDF Full Text Request