| Generally speaking,in thousands of years of traditional society of China,businessmen,as well as business has long been suppressed.It's especially true that business education is excluded from formal school system,and is conducted in the form of home education and apprenticeship,which leads to the fact that business education developed quite slowly in traditional China.After the Opium War,especially the Second Opium War,with the destruction of the small-scale peasant economy and the growing of modern industry and commerce,modern business education emerged and developed rapidly in China.The development of higher business education in modern China can be divided into four stages: the embryonic stage,the forming stage,the systematization stage,and the further development stage.In each stage,the development of higher business education is affected by various factors.From the lateral perspective,the reform of social politics,and the development of modern industrial and commercial economy,and especially the government's trade policy,have a profound impact on the scale and speed of the development of higher business education in modern China.From the vertical perspective,the development of higher business education in the follow-up period is the improvement and optimization of the former stage,in terms of the school-running level,the teaching contents,the management system and etc.From the Second Opium War to the Sino Japanese War,in order to resist the aggression and oppression of the Western powers,the Westernization Group put forward the slogan of "striving for self enrichment".The development of business becomes the main way to achieve this goal.In the absence of disciplinary system of modern business knowledge,the teaching of business knowledge is mingled with foreign language teaching,hence the business English teaching activity in westernization schools and church schools is considered as the beginning of higher business education in modern China.Among which,Zhang Zhidong's business education activity in the Self-improvement School is a typical case of carrying out modern higher business education by the Westernization Group.From 1895 to 1898,after the defeat in the Sino Japanese War,the Reformists appears on the scene.The Reformists put forward the idea that "the military war is not as good as business war",and "the business war is not as good as knowledge war",and they also made the political proposal of "favoring business and industry",which spurred to the founding of formal higher business education institution.In this stage,the teaching activity in Jiangnan Chucai School,showing the characteristics of modern higher business education in aspects of teaching level and subjects,indicates the forming of higher business education in modern China.After the failure of the Reform Movement,under the dramatic impact of the Boxer Movement and the invasion of Beijing by the Eight Power Allied Forces,the Qing government began to implement the “New Deal”.During this period,by means of establishing modern business administration system,making business protecting laws,and setting up various business combinations,the Qing government promoted the implementation of " pro-Business policies",coupled with the establishment of business education system in Renyin-Kuimao educational system,the modern higher business education processes to systematization stage.After the founding of the Republic of China,the transform of the system of state and government clears the institutional barriers for the development of industrial and commercial economy,and higher business education system.Meanwhile,the continuous development of modern industrial and commercial economy,and the accelerating optimization of industrial structure,prompt higher business education to reform and develop constantly.The enacting and implementation of Renxu School System in 1922 marks the thorough modernization of higher business education in modern China.Since then,it grows rapidly.During Nanjing national government period,the industrial and commercial economy develops further,and the business educational policy adjusts further.Before the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War,higher business education in China has made great progress in terms of quantity,scale and teaching quality.The development process of higher business education in modern China shows the following characteristics: the enhanced trend of systematization,the coexist of reference and indigenous,affected significantly by the commercial policy and the development of business,etc.The main achievement lies in the formation of a complete educational system,the stress of combing theory and practice,the interaction with city development.,etc.On the other hand,the lack of school founding,and the unbalanced regional development are the limitations.The development process of higher business education in modern China indicates that,in order to do a good cop in higher business education,each school should have its own characteristics,and the government should encourage civilian capital to invest in education,and the teaching process should emphasis students' ability of practice,and particularly,the govern should establish policy to encourage the development of business,which is the foundation of a sustained rapid and sound development of higher business education. |
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