| The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out:"Employment is pivotal to people's well being.We must give high priority to employment and pursue a proactive employment policy,striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs." Ensuring the employment of college graduates,is related to the realization of the goal of college personnel training,the implementation of the strategies of strengthening our country rich in human resources and making it an innovation-oriented country,the building of a moderm powerful socialist country.Xi Jinping pointed out that "Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood and the fundamental solution to the issue of employment depends on development.We must earnestly do a good job in youth employment with a focus on college graduates." "Employment is an eternal topic and more a global problem." He encouraged contemporary college students to aspire to be lofty,down-to-earth,change their career ideas,adhere to proceed from reality,and brave enough to go down to the grass-roots level and hard places.He demands relevant departments to increase support for university graduates to start their own businesses,helping graduates with employment difficulties.Li Keqiang pointed out:"Employment is the basis of people's livelihood.It has a direct bearing on the overall economic and social development.Stabilizing growth is largely a guarantee of employment." "We develop our economy and the most important is to guarantee the employment." "We should improve employment policy and employment training and strengthen support for flexible employment and new employment patterns."In recent years,the Central Committee and the State Council put the employment of college graduates in the first place in employment work and formulated a series of policies and measures.At present,the employment problem of college graduates becomes more prominent under the influence of the employment system reform of college graduates and the enlarging enrollment scale of higher education.Particularly,the employment of medical graduates has become an important issue facing the reform of medical higher education.For the employment of college students,the academic circles already had a more in-depth study,but the results showed that the research on the medical major students was relatively small,especially for the deep exploration and research on medical graduates.This paper selected ten representative universities across the country,including Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Jilin University,China Medical University,Shandong University and Qingdao University,whose medical graduates'employment situation and the factors that influence were analyzed and studied.Research BackgroundNowadays,college students' employment is a ubiquitous problem in society.To understand such problems must not be divorced from the concrete historical background and reality.In the 1990s,the economic system of our country shifted from the planned economy under the macro control of the government to the market economy system mainly by the market control and supplemented by the government macro control.Since then China's economy developed by leaps and bounds.While,the development of higher education is lagging behind.Therefore,whether it is required by the development direction of society or higher education their own,China's higher education has to reform in case of lagging behind the developed countries.Medical higher education is full of changes amid the reform of higher education reform.Since 2000,colleges have enlarged the enrollment.Therefore,the employment issues of college graduates,medical graduates in particular,have become prominent in the new round of educational system.In 2012,Several Opinions on the Implementation of Comprehensive Reform on Clinical Medical Education formulated by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education concludes many specified requirements from optimizing structure of clinical medical personnel,to the implementation of "physician education and training program of excellence",to the improvement of clinical practice ability,to deepening the reform in medical educational reform in comprehensive universities,to the establishment of evaluation system in clinical medicine education quality,and to other aspects.In 2017,the State Council issued Several Opinions on Strengthening Medical Education and further promoting the Reform and Development of Medical Education which lays stress on reforms in college medical education as well as the promotion and furtherance of general practice education,clinical practice management,academic dissertation,eight-year clinical education and other aspects.Medical as a special major and specialty,its characteristics is obvious.China has a large gap of medical professionals,especially in primary health care units.In fact,there should not be difficult for employment,and should not be narrow for opportunity.However,it is true.The survey shows that about 50%medical graduates are not very optimistic with present employment situation.Thus,it shows that the employment trend of medical graduates is not optimistic.So how to solve the employment predicament of medical graduates is an important subject which needs to be studied at present.Purpose and Significance1.Research Purposes:This study analyzed the employment status of medical graduates from 10 representative universities in China,and the predicaments and influencing factors when they choose a job and when they work,so as to find out the reasons which contribute to current situation.With the help of employment policy,institutional background and industry,regional economic development prospects under the new situation,the study analyzed employment trends in the future,to find out the causes of the employment problems and measures to solve the problem to better enhance the employment quality and job satisfaction of medical graduates.Although the scope of this study is limited to colleges and universities that have medical graduates,it is of help and guidance for other universities and other graduates.2.Research Significance(1)It will help colleges and universities to carry out career guidance and career planning education.Mostly,the concept of employment has a greater impact on the employment performance and employment behavior of graduates to affect the employment satisfaction of graduates.Theoretically,to correctly understand the problem of college graduates' employment difficulties,understand the influencing factors of college graduates' employment and get effective solution will help to provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of college graduates' employment.(2)Practical Significance:The solutions and methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for the employment of medical majors,so as to achieve the graduates' successful and satisfactory employment.Through the deep research of this article,based on the empirical study and analysis of the situation and influencing factors of employment of medical graduates,it can further enrich the heated topic in society,college students employment.Combined with social needs,students can reasonably choose employment intentions,improve their own quality,and also lay the foundation for their own ability.At the same time,it can also provide valuable reference for the government,medical colleges and universities,graduates and employers to formulate relevant policies,improve the quality of personnel training,choose a job and set standards for selecting excellent candidates.Research MethodsThis research comprehensively uses the Literature Method,Questionnaire Survey Method,Interview Method and Statistical Analysis Method.1.Literature Method:The historical literature interpretation is an important one among the research methods.This research system refers to all kinds of Chinese and English literature and material.It not only reviews,collects and collates the relevant documents,but also refers to related books,theses and dissertations and journals.Through the online literature and other means to deepen understanding of the relevant research results of college student's employment and a lot of theoretical research,it helped a lot.In addition,the relevant statistics were also consulted,by looking for theoretical and data support to analyze and compare.2.Questionnaire Survey Method:10 researched institutions are the most representative,and the employment issues they showed are typical.This study chose five universities from Shandong province,including Shandong University,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Qingdao University,Weifang Medical University and Jining Medical University,other five out of Shandong province;they are Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Jilin University,Capital Medical University,China Medical University and Chongqing Medical University,to do a sample survey.The data mentioned in this paper was from there,and a lot of inaccurate and uncertain places were remedied through employment data in previous years,and the interviews of university teachers taking charge of employment works.3.Interview Method:With the help of self-made interview outline,we make in-depth interviews with the ten cadres in charge of the employment of medical graduates,to understand the employment situation of medical graduates,as well as the employment problems and measures they take in improving employment and entrepreneurship works;we also interview some students in colleges and universities through e-mail or telephone to understand the needs and the difficulties they encounter;additionally,we interview the employer by mail or phone to understand the employer's advice and suggestion for university personnel training,student quality,employment guidance and other aspects' problems.4.Statistical Analysis Method:All the data in this study use Microsoft Office Excel 2010 to establish a database,draw the statistical charts and cluster analysis,use MATLAB R2014a and SPSS for statistical analysis,including descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression,and use system cluster analysis to classify the indicators.Conclusion and SuggestionBy analyzing the current employment situation of medical graduates from the 10 institutions comparatively,we can find the following characteristics:medical graduates enjoy a stable employment situation and a generally high employment rate;institutions out of Shandong Province on the whole have a higher employment rate than those inner the province,and there is a great gap among major universities;the enrolment rate remains high and continues to rise year by year.As for enrolment rate,ordinary universities differ from major universities,but not obvious.Several ordinary universities have a higher enrolment rate than that in major universities,which may indicate that medical students graduated from ordinary institutions may have heavier pressure on employment so that they tend to get more opportunities through higher education.The employment levels vary a lot,and they usually ignore grass-root employment;As for job sites,university-located cities and first-tier developed cities are heated choices.In Shandong Province,graduates would like to work in cities where their schools located.A significant difference is laid between in and out Shandong Province institutions.In Shandong Province,clinical posts are mostly chosen,but posts out of Shandong are distributed more diverse and balanced.Earnings of graduates on the whole are satisfactory.The starting salary of graduates from major universities has concentrated on a higher level.It has a direct connection with working sites.Overall,medical graduates have a high job satisfaction and professional recognition which are deeply influenced by job potential,promotion opportunities,personal interests,job stability and the nature of the unit.The survey conducted a comparative analysis on elements which may influence employment from students themselves,universities and social forces.Graduates believe that they can gain different guidance from different institutions.Comparatively higher level universities could give them more and better guidance in employment and their overall strength and employment competitiveness can be improved accordingly.As for learning,family may influence their grades.Either interpersonal communication or moral quality is closely connected with employment ability.From the perspective of polities,the guidance of national policies can arouse the enthusiasm of employment.For affecting factors,medical graduates from different regions have different emphasis.Individual overall quality matters a lot in employment.Besides,the changes of policy setting,relevant systems,social requirements and the job market also have a marked impact on medical graduates.On the whole,medical graduate employment is promoted by:strong demand and employment competitiveness;optimized cultivation system and improved quality;flourished job market and more job choices;rational employment ideas and strong wills for finding good jobs.Limited elements are:a much more higher job expectation which does not match to the reality;not active in employment awareness and employment ideas should be upgraded;a not sound employment feedback mechanism and the employment quality should be improved.In conclusion,there are many elements affecting medical graduate employment.To solve this issue,we should tackle it from the root,focusing more on the fundamental causes and finding scientific solutions on the basis.The survey suggests that we should overcome the employment difficulty from the four aspects as follow:government sectors,profession and employing unit,medical universities and graduates themselves.These are the measures accordingly.Government sectors should promote the reform of medical education and personnel system:further speed up the adjustment of health care structure and develop the medical industry;safeguard the legitimate interests of graduates;implement grass-root employment policy;encourage graduates to start a business so as to create more jobs;strengthen the publicity guide;perfect the service platform for employment and provide more access to jobs.The whole industry and the working unit should reform the employment system so as to establish a fair and reasonable employing mechanism:hold high a scientific outlook on personnel;pay attention to the rational distribution of personnel;form famous employer brands;contact more with medical universities and enrich the job market through industry-study-research cooperation and other methods.Medical universities should further reform personnel cultivation system so as to cultivate more applied talents:further optimize the reform scheme for medical talents cultivation in order to improve graduates' professional levels and comprehensive qualities;highlight the special features of medical majors and make use of the edges of this major;focus more on practice teaching;improve the employment management and service levels;make job markets better and broader;encourage graduates to serve the country;establish a system for assessing employment quality;keep a watchful eye on the growth of the alumni.Medical graduates themselves should gain more professional knowledge and improve professional ability in order to better compete in the job market:create correct employment ideas;respond to the repeal of the country and devote themselves to grass-root medical employment;take initiative actions to know about the growing trend of the sector in order to find jobs which are most suitable for themselves;strengthen the professional knowledge learning and improve the skill levels so as to gain an improved comprehensive quality and employment competitiveness. |
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