Research On Evaluation Of Grain Production Subsidy Policy

Since the new century, in order to ensure national food security, improve the production enthusiasm, China in 2004 since the implementation of the direct grain subsidies, agricultural subsidies, seed subsidies, farm machinery purchase subsidy and the minimum purchase price, temporary storage and a series of measures to support grain production subsidies. In the context of the implementation of these subsidies, China's grain output has a restorative growth, China's grain output has achieved a good momentum of eleven consecutive years of growth. However, structural contradictions highlight China's grain production in 13th Five-Year "period, one is the contradiction between the imbalance of grain supply and demand, the two is the unbalance between grain planting structure, three is the uneven distribution of resources contradiction.2016 central document proposed "agricultural supply side structural reform", points out the existence of China's agricultural development in agricultural products supply and demand imbalance in the structure, high production costs, the mismatch of resources utilization and overdraft and other outstanding issues, are significant structural contradiction between the supply side of the. For the supply of food production in China, it is also facing new challenges. In the current food supply side structural reform, the state lowered the minimum purchase price of rice, canceled the Northeast China Corn temporary storage policy, means that China's policy of food grain market situation at home and abroad to enter the adjustment phase. In this background, how to implement the subsidy policy of grain production effect, how the direction mechanism and effect, and the future grain production subsidy policy adjustment, how to effective allocation of resources, give full play to the role of guiding the grain production subsidies, has become a realistic problem to be solved at present.In recent years, the research on the effect evaluation of grain production subsidy policy has gradually increased, but the research results are very different. In order to clarify the mechanism and effect of grain subsidy policy, and gradually improve the grain subsidy policy system, to provide a strong policy environment for agricultural producers to promote sustainable development of agricultural growth. Firstly, China's grain production subsidy policy development and policy background is analyzed; secondly, from the macro and regional perspective, make analysis and evaluation on the production effect of grain production subsidy policy support; thirdly, from the specific grain varieties, analyzes the input-output mechanism of policy of grain production subsidies for different crops; and from the micro perspective, farmers, investigation and analysis of farmers' cognition and response to the grain production subsidies; finally, through the comparison with typical developed countries, the development trend of the grain production subsidies, to provide some enlightenment for the adjustment and development of China's grain production subsidy policy.Based on this, the main conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1) The effect of grain production support subsidy policy on grain production is very significant, which indicates that the macro effect of grain production support subsidy policy is obvious. The effect of grain production policy in major grain producing areas and non producing areas, found that the influence of the major grain producing areas is more focused on food prices and production material price policy, and the effect of non grain producing areas by focusing on rural fixed assets investment and industrial structure. Thus, the regional guidance and policy demand of China's grain production support and subsidy policy is defined, which provides a reference for the adjustment and reform of China's grain production subsidy policy.(2) Grain production subsidies to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers grain output, but the effect is not obvious; grain production subsidies significantly on corn input-output effect, but eventually the actual effect is canceled, and on other crops input-output effect is not significant; grain production subsidies on labor input time is significant. Especially for corn and wheat significantly promote labor input, and no significant effect on rice and soybean. But it is clear that China's grain production subsidy policy on the mechanism of the different crops in labor and capital input and output, so as to provide the basis for the effective allocation of resources, improve the grain production subsidy policy effect.(3) Farmers higher awareness and satisfaction of the grain production subsidies, subsidies for grain production can enhance the farmers'enthusiasm for growing grain, grain farmers increase income expectations, therefore, farmers subsidies for grain production role evaluation has significant effect, changes on grain planting area in addition, whether to increase food production and income farmers fertilizer production input quantity increase and agricultural production material price is reasonable, the farmers for non-agricultural work at the local degree of difficulty on grain acreage changes significantly. But the survey also finds that the grain subsidy policy impact on farmers planting decision-making and incentive, the subsidy oriented policy is not obvious, and it is hard to effective docking, farmers need to adjust and reform from the perspective of grain production subsidies based on.(4) The level of agricultural production support in developed countries is higher, and the relatively stable agricultural production support system is formed. The United States and the European Union agricultural support policies are abundant, payment for goods output support proportion decreased, the income support policy are more attention, the relation of high support project belongs to the nature of the payment of subsidies, agricultural production policy is indirect promotion; Japan and South Korea the main support project is relatively single, mainly used to the height of commodity output payment to protect its agricultural production; agricultural output in Japan depends more on the impact on the market price support; Korean rice fixed payment on agricultural output is larger; output correlation of agricultural production China who support policies are very high. It is concluded that the developed countries.The corresponding policy recommendations are as follows:(1) Adjusting of grain production subsidy policy on the basis of different regional policy needs to guide the. For the main grain producing areas, it needs stabilizing the grain price policy, the adjustment of the market price movement mechanism and the policy support production. For non major grain production area, can be classified to grain subsidies, good conditions for large scale and concentrated production management, the implementation of special subsidies for grain production; the production condition is not very good, can dig its advantage crop subsidies to encourage other projects, adjust the production structure, the development of the local characteristic crop.(2) Adjusting grain production subsidy policy based on the input demand of different grain crops and factors. One is to continue to increase agricultural input subsidies, especially for the three major food crop inputs; two is to strengthen the investment in science and technology, enhance the level of mechanization; the three is to promote non-agricultural employment, accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor force equilibrium; four is to actively adjust the subsidies, price subsidies and phase separation, the sub region variety to promote the efficiency of subsidy.(3) The adjustment of grain production subsidy policy based on the farmer's cognition and response to policy. One is to construct the fusion mechanism of grain price policy and subsidy policy; the two is to focus on different levels and categories of subsidies; three is to strengthen the support and protection function of the grain production subsidies; four is to expand the scale of subsidies and strengthen supervision.(4) Adjustment of China's grain production subsidy policy based on the experience of developed countries and its enlightenment. A subsidy adjustment mechanism to build an open, innovative subsidy oriented; the two is to build price and subsidy coordination mechanism, enhance the effect of subsidies; three is to cultivate the main production and management model of grain subsidy, clear object; the four is to improve the type of food subsidies, to meet the needs of different levels.