Targeted Poverty Alleviation Mode With Science And Technology Based On Social Embeddedness Theory In Tibet

Poverty alleviation is a common mission of all the countries in the world.For a developing China in particular,eliminating poverty,improving people's livelihood and gradually achieving common prosperity are the key measures for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy,a large-scale poverty alleviation and development work have been carried out in China,which has helped 700 million rural poor population rid of poverty,and is the most glorious chapter in human anti-poverty history.At present,poverty alleviation and development have entered a crucial stage.To achieve the goal of comprehensive poverty alleviation by 2020,we must explore new mode for poverty alleviation and development based on the current situation.Compared to the existing methods,the targeted poverty alleviation can cultivate the endogenous ability and drive the innovative elements.All these can facilitate the long-term poverty reduction and prevent people from returning to poverty.However,the existing research rarely addresses this aspect.Practical needs and theoretical development have become the main motivation and starting point of this study.Tibet is the only province with a big concentrated poverty population,where the incidence of poverty is as high as 23.9%.Ranking first in China,the percentage is much higher than the national average.So the poverty issue of Tibet is typical and representative.Based on the author's experience of working in Tibet for more than three years,with a wide rang of fieldwork and large number of case studies,this paper proposed that six main types of poverty,four main features,five major causes of poverty and main models of targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology,and then explained the basic features of each model.After that,based on social embedded theory,this paper described the social process of targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology from the micro perspective.Then the paper revealed the natural,social as well as other factors that have impact on the effect of targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology.This paper also proposed a new mechanism of applying science and technoloigy based on specific local conditions and needs.At last,this paper gave suggestions on how to improve the precision,efficiency and sustainability of targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Science and technology innovation achieves its value through the following paths during the process of poverty alleviation.First,incorporating science and technology into the production and daily life of the poverty-stricken population,to rid of poverty through improve the quality of the whole population;second,embedding the new development idea of science and technology innovation among the poverty stricken population;third,importing the elements of science and technology into all kinds of poverty alleviation activities,providing scientific and technological support and innovative drives for the poverty-stricken areas;and fourth,introducing new technologies in the targeted poverty alleviation process,establishing the precise identification and real-time monitoring,shared platform,standardized management platform and working mechanism of the whole society to support poverty alleviation.(2)The targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology is supported by science and technology with the principles of rational allocation of innovation elements,accurate management,and continuous regeneration.It is an endogenous poverty alleviation method with the features of a complete process,accountability and participation.It is very important to establish the dominant position of the poor farmers and herdsmen from cognitive awakening to skill acquisition,and then to joint action,and then to achieve the stability of poverty alleviation.It is important to build a mechanism to encourage and support the poor farmers and herdsmen to participate in poverty alleviation,and to respect their right to information,participation and management supervision in the science and technology resource allocation,project identification,implementation and evaluation process.(3)Targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology is not a simple straight-line process.It is a complex process that includes not only the elements of science and technology,but also natural and social elements.Natural elements include the unique geographical location,climate and environment,ecological system,and so on,and social elements include traditional culture,religious belief,production and life style,etc.From the perspective of science and technology and social integration,social embeddings in path selection,technology diffusion and landing effect,as well as herdsman's value judgment and behavior choice.Targeted poverty alleviation through science and technology based on the actual situation and special situation must be aimed at local poor farmers and herdsmen and the local traditional culture,social embeddings path optimization technology diffusion,and the key is to build social trust relationship with the poor people.(4)Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward the optimization measures of targeted poverty alleviation with science and technology.The key is to build the micro foundation of targeted poverty alleviation and promote the integration of science and technology and society.The system can be designed and deployed in four aspects.The first is to improve the micro policy system,recognize that the poor farmers and herdsmen are the main player;the second is to strengthen the poverty alleviation micro model,development a "partnership" between technicians and the farmers;the third is toreform the project formation mechanism,establishing a "top-down" and "bottom-up"two-way mechanism for poverty alleviation projects;the last one is to guide simple innovation,promoting applicable advanced technology in the poverty-stricken areas.