| Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy,our country has implemented large-scale poverty alleviation and development,which helped over 700 million rural povertystricken population shake off poverty,composed a glorious chapter on the human beings' poverty history,and became the first developing country that realized United Nation's Millennium Development Goals among the whole world.The smooth implementation of national poverty alleviation project cannot be achieved without financial support's great influence over rural poverty alleviation development.But in recent years,as the economic development in rural areas,the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming increasingly obvious.On the one hand,causes for poverty demonstrate integrated and complicated feature,which makes the poverty groups who are not yet out of poverty become the tough issue in the implementation of poverty alleviation project.;on the other hand,the “elite capture” in public funds for poverty alleviation results in the increasingly outstanding phenomenon of “alleviation funds are not alleviating poverty”.As the major source of funds for poverty-stricken areas,how to solve those problems efficiently with limited public funds for poverty alleviation has become the focus of government and social attention.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the basic strategic thinking of “targeted poverty alleviation” points out the direction of poverty alleviation project implementation in the new period.Under the guidance of “targeted poverty alleviation” strategic thinking,the key to figure out the tough issues and solve the problem of alleviation funds “are not alleviating poverty” and “are not targeted accurately” phenomenon lies in finding out and solving the reasons and problems in the internal operation mechanism of funds that could lead to those phenomena,and properly handle the cooperative operation relationship between social funds for poverty alleviation and external mechanism.Therefore,how to find out and solve these problems and reasons,as well as properly coordinate the relationship become the focus of this research.To this end,the major work of this paper mainly includes:Firstly,this paper constructs the theoretical framework of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism optimization.Social funds for poverty alleviation is the helpful supplement to government-leading poverty alleviation project.Under the socialist market economy system,the disposition and utilization of public and social funds for poverty alleviation concerns the rational division of resource allocation function between government and market.Therefore,except the investigation of internal mechanism such as funds,management,allocation,appropriation and use,and performance evaluation,the research of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism also includes the evaluation of whether the external mechanism which are largely composed of social funds for poverty alleviation has given full play to poverty alleviation.Based on this,this research elaborates the gist and basic connotation of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism.Supported by the public goods theory of functional division between government and market and theory of equity and efficiency,and guided by public choice theory and relevant market theory such as principal-agent and stakeholder,this research discusses how the government can better exert the function of public funds for poverty alleviation,and puts forward the realistic necessity of optimizing funds' operational mechanism based on the real national conditions,which provides theoretical and realistic foundation for further analysis of the next step.Secondly,this research reviews the historical evolution and status quo of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism,and analyzes the problems existed currently and their causes.On the one hand,by teasing out the stages of start-up,formation and development,poverty alleviation barriers,and accurate improvement,it is found that the overall operation mechanism is rather dispersed,the longstanding problems haven't been solved,and the effects of poverty alleviation remain limited.In order to analyze the mechanical problems more profoundly,based on each stage's characteristics of funds' operational mechanism and our country's present realistic condition,a funds' operational mechanism which has a regionalization funds structure,multi-level fund management system,factor allocation in funds,project-based appropriation and use of funds,question oriented fund performance evaluation,and diversified social funds for poverty alleviation domination is made clear.On the other hand,based on the theoretical and practical foundation,this research dives deep into the problem manifestation and root cause of public funds for poverty alleviation “not being targeted accurately” existed in public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism,and puts forward the topic which is the existence of this problem is bound to influence the efficiency of the operation mechanism.Moreover,the empirical model verifies the efficiency of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism not being optimal and the major factors of efficiency not being optimal.By adopting Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),from the two perspectives of industrial structure and investment structure,using the latest data empirical test,it is found that:(1)both the provinces involved poverty-stricken areas and different periods' public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism have all not reached the optimal status.The target deviation of poverty group in mechanism and the bureaucratic loss of management mechanism are the main reasons of decreasing the efficiency of mechanism and restricting efficiency to achieving optimization.(2)The main conclusions such as participation of social funds for poverty alleviation can improve the poverty alleviation effect of overall funds mechanism.In addition,this paper collects and organizes the experience of the countries represented by the United States,Brazil and Bangladesh in the government's anti-poverty funds and operational mechanism.It is found that these four countries' experience of funding investment meeting the demands of targets for poverty alleviation,legal and institutional construction of capital management,quality improvement of the fund using subject and social organization driving poverty alleviation provide guidance for our country's public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism.At last,this paper puts forward suggestions for optimizing our country's rural public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism.The optimization target of public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism is to meet the fund demand of poverty group more accurately and efficiently,and ultimately achieve a continuous,stable,and diversified poverty alleviation funding mechanism.Therefore,under the guidance of national strategic thinking of “targeted poverty alleviation”,it is extremely necessary to optimize our country's public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism based on the dilemma existed in our country's public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism,summarizing the international experiences,and being realistic.At the end of this paper,targeted optimization measures of solving problems existed in our country's public funds for poverty alleviation and operational mechanism is put forward from six aspects,Poverty alleviation fund investment target,fund management allocation system,fund use benefit coupling,the human resources improvement of the subject involved,fund performance evaluation system,and the participation of multiple social forces. |
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